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Molecular Endocrinology, Vol 10, 1167-1177, Copyright © 1996 by Endocrine Society


ARTICLES

Nuclear receptor coactivators and corepressors

KB Horwitz, TA Jackson, DL Bain, JK Richer, GS Takimoto and L Tung
Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA.

The nuclear receptors belong to a superfamily of proteins, many of which are ligand-regulated, that bind to specific DNA sequences and control specific gene transcription. Recent data show that, in addition to contacting the basal transcription machinery directly, nuclear receptors inhibit or enhance transcription by recruiting an array of coactivator or corepressor proteins to the transcription complex. In this review we define the properties of these putative coregulatory factors; we describe the basal and coregulatory factors that are currently known to interact with nuclear receptors; we suggest various mechanisms by which coactivators and corepressors act; we discuss issues that are raised by the presence of multiple, perhaps competing, coregulatory factors; and we speculate how these additional regulatory layers may explain the heterogeneity of hormone responses that are observed in normal and malignant tissues.


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Androgen Receptor Acetylation Governs trans Activation and MEKK1-Induced Apoptosis without Affecting In Vitro Sumoylation and trans-Repression Function
Mol. Cell. Biol., May 15, 2002; 22(10): 3373 - 3388.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
J.-A. Tan, S. H. Hall, K. G. Hamil, G. Grossman, P. Petrusz, and F. S. French
Protein Inhibitors of Activated STAT Resemble Scaffold Attachment Factors and Function as Interacting Nuclear Receptor Coregulators
J. Biol. Chem., May 3, 2002; 277(19): 16993 - 17001.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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CarcinogenesisHome page
S. Vanzulli, A. Efeyan, F. Benavides, L. A. Helguero, G. Peters, J. Shen, C. J. Conti, C. Lanari, and A. Molinolo
p21, p27 and p53 in estrogen and antiprogestin-induced tumor regression of experimental mouse mammary ductal carcinomas
Carcinogenesis, May 1, 2002; 23(5): 749 - 758.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
M. Saitoh, R. Takayanagi, K. Goto, A. Fukamizu, A. Tomura, T. Yanase, and H. Nawata
The Presence of Both the Amino- and Carboxyl-Terminal Domains in the AR Is Essential for the Completion of a Transcriptionally Active Form with Coactivators and Intranuclear Compartmentalization Common to the Steroid Hormone Receptors: A Three-Dimensional Imaging Study
Mol. Endocrinol., April 1, 2002; 16(4): 694 - 706.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
B. Borud, T. Hoang, M. Bakke, A. L. Jacob, J. Lund, and G. Mellgren
The Nuclear Receptor Coactivators p300/CBP/Cointegrator-Associated Protein (p/CIP) and Transcription Intermediary Factor 2 (TIF2) Differentially Regulate PKA-Stimulated Transcriptional Activity of Steroidogenic Factor 1
Mol. Endocrinol., April 1, 2002; 16(4): 757 - 773.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Cancer Res.Home page
S. Raghow, M. Z. Hooshdaran, S. Katiyar, and M. S. Steiner
Toremifene Prevents Prostate Cancer in the Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate Model
Cancer Res., March 1, 2002; 62(5): 1370 - 1376.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
Z.-x. Zhou, B. He, S. H. Hall, E. M. Wilson, and F. S. French
Domain Interactions between Coregulator ARA70 and the Androgen Receptor (AR)
Mol. Endocrinol., February 1, 2002; 16(2): 287 - 300.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Cancer Res.Home page
O. L. Zegarra-Moro, L. J. Schmidt, H. Huang, and D. J. Tindall
Disruption of Androgen Receptor Function Inhibits Proliferation of Androgen-refractory Prostate Cancer Cells
Cancer Res., February 1, 2002; 62(4): 1008 - 1013.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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EndocrinologyHome page
H. Masuyama, H. Inoshita, Y. Hiramatsu, and T. Kudo
Ligands Have Various Potential Effects on the Degradation of Pregnane X Receptor by Proteasome
Endocrinology, January 1, 2002; 143(1): 55 - 61.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Endocr. Rev.Home page
N. Ben-Jonathan and R. Hnasko
Dopamine as a Prolactin (PRL) Inhibitor
Endocr. Rev., December 1, 2001; 22(6): 724 - 763.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
Y. Yamamoto, O. Wada, M. Suzawa, Y. Yogiashi, T. Yano, S. Kato, and J. Yanagisawa
The Tamoxifen-responsive Estrogen Receptor alpha Mutant D351Y Shows Reduced Tamoxifen-dependent Interaction with Corepressor Complexes
J. Biol. Chem., November 9, 2001; 276(46): 42684 - 42691.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
S.-H. Hong, Z. Yang, and M. L. Privalsky
Arsenic Trioxide Is a Potent Inhibitor of the Interaction of SMRT Corepressor with Its Transcription Factor Partners, Including the PML-Retinoic Acid Receptor {alpha} Oncoprotein Found in Human Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Mol. Cell. Biol., November 1, 2001; 21(21): 7172 - 7182.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
Y. Zhang and M. L. Dufau
EAR2 and EAR3/COUP-TFI Regulate Transcription of the Rat LH Receptor
Mol. Endocrinol., November 1, 2001; 15(11): 1891 - 1905.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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JNCI J Natl Cancer InstHome page
V. C. Jordan, S. Gapstur, and M. Morrow
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulation and Reduction in Risk of Breast Cancer, Osteoporosis, and Coronary Heart Disease
J Natl Cancer Inst, October 3, 2001; 93(19): 1449 - 1457.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Nucleic Acids ResHome page
D. Zhou and S. Chen
PNRC2 is a 16 kDa coactivator that interacts with nuclear receptors through an SH3-binding motif
Nucleic Acids Res., October 1, 2001; 29(19): 3939 - 3948.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Physiol. Rev.Home page
S. Nilsson, S. Makela, E. Treuter, M. Tujague, J. Thomsen, G. Andersson, E. Enmark, K. Pettersson, M. Warner, and J.-A. Gustafsson
Mechanisms of Estrogen Action
Physiol Rev, October 1, 2001; 81(4): 1535 - 1565.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
P. J. Smith, D. J. Cousins, Y.-K. Jee, D. Z. Staynov, T. H. Lee, and P. Lavender
Suppression of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Expression by Glucocorticoids Involves Inhibition of Enhancer Function by the Glucocorticoid Receptor Binding to Composite NF-AT/Activator Protein-1 Elements
J. Immunol., September 1, 2001; 167(5): 2502 - 2510.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
P. J. Franco, M. Farooqui, E. Seto, and L.-N. Wei
The Orphan Nuclear Receptor TR2 Interacts Directly with Both Class I and Class II Histone Deacetylases
Mol. Endocrinol., August 1, 2001; 15(8): 1318 - 1328.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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CarcinogenesisHome page
B. H. Chung, S. H. Mitchell, J.-S. Zhang, and C. Y. F. Young
Effects of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid on androgen-mediated cell growth and gene expression in LNCaP prostate cancer cells
Carcinogenesis, August 1, 2001; 22(8): 1201 - 1206.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
M. R. Yudt and J. A. Cidlowski
Molecular Identification and Characterization of A and B Forms of the Glucocorticoid Receptor
Mol. Endocrinol., July 1, 2001; 15(7): 1093 - 1103.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
Z. Yang and M. L. Privalsky
Isoform-Specific Transcriptional Regulation by Thyroid Hormone Receptors: Hormone-Independent Activation Operates through a Steroid Receptor Mode of Coactivator Interaction
Mol. Endocrinol., July 1, 2001; 15(7): 1170 - 1185.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Physiol. Rev.Home page
P. M. Yen
Physiological and Molecular Basis of Thyroid Hormone Action
Physiol Rev, July 1, 2001; 81(3): 1097 - 1142.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
A. T. Reutens, M. Fu, C. Wang, C. Albanese, M. J. McPhaul, Z. Sun, S. P. Balk, O. A. Jänne, J. J. Palvimo, and R. G. Pestell
Cyclin D1 Binds the Androgen Receptor and Regulates Hormone-Dependent Signaling in a p300/CBP-Associated Factor (P/CAF)-Dependent Manner
Mol. Endocrinol., May 1, 2001; 15(5): 797 - 811.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
J. S. Sack, K. F. Kish, C. Wang, R. M. Attar, S. E. Kiefer, Y. An, G. Y. Wu, J. E. Scheffler, M. E. Salvati, S. R. Krystek Jr., et al.
Crystallographic structures of the ligand-binding domains of the androgen receptor and its T877A mutant complexed with the natural agonist dihydrotestosterone
PNAS, April 24, 2001; 98(9): 4904 - 4909.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
J. Zilliacus, E. Holter, H. Wakui, H. Tazawa, E. Treuter, and J.-A. Gustafsson
Regulation of Glucocorticoid Receptor Activity by 14-3-3-Dependent Intracellular Relocalization of the Corepressor RIP140
Mol. Endocrinol., April 1, 2001; 15(4): 501 - 511.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Cancer Res.Home page
M. Shiohara, M. Uskokovic, J. Hisatake, Y. Hisatake, K. Koike, A. Komiyama, and H. P. Koeffler
24-Oxo Metabolites of Vitamin D3 Analogues: Disassociation of Their Prominent Antileukemic Effects from Their Lack of Calcium Modulation
Cancer Res., April 1, 2001; 61(8): 3361 - 3368.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
B. Liu, M. Gross, J. ten Hoeve, and K. Shuai
A transcriptional corepressor of Stat1 with an essential LXXLL signature motif
PNAS, March 13, 2001; 98(6): 3203 - 3207.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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EndocrinologyHome page
J. M. Grad, L. S. Lyons, D. M. Robins, and K. L. Burnstein
The Androgen Receptor (AR) Amino-Terminus Imposes Androgen-Specific Regulation of AR Gene Expression via an Exonic Enhancer
Endocrinology, March 1, 2001; 142(3): 1107 - 1116.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Pharmacol. Rev.Home page
R. Clarke, F. Leonessa, J. N. Welch, and T. C. Skaar
Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology of Antiestrogen Action and Resistance
Pharmacol. Rev., March 1, 2001; 53(1): 25 - 72.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
G. Giannoukos, D. Szapary, C. L. Smith, J. E. W. Meeker, and S. S. Simons Jr.
New Antiprogestins with Partial Agonist Activity: Potential Selective Progesterone Receptor Modulators (SPRMs) and Probes for Receptor- and Coregulator-Induced Changes in Progesterone Receptor Induction Properties
Mol. Endocrinol., February 1, 2001; 15(2): 255 - 270.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Cell Growth Differ.Home page
H. Hauksdóttir and M. L. Privalsky
DNA Recognition by the Aberrant Retinoic Acid Receptors Implicated in Human Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Cell Growth Differ., February 1, 2001; 12(2): 85 - 98.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
G. Buchanan, M. Yang, J. M. Harris, H. S. Nahm, G. Han, N. Moore, J. M. Bentel, R. J. Matusik, D. J. Horsfall, V. R. Marshall, et al.
Mutations at the Boundary of the Hinge and Ligand Binding Domain of the Androgen Receptor Confer Increased Transactivation Function
Mol. Endocrinol., January 1, 2001; 15(1): 46 - 56.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Physiol. Rev.Home page
J. E. Compston
Sex Steroids and Bone
Physiol Rev, January 1, 2001; 81(1): 419 - 447.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
P. Webb, C. M. Anderson, C. Valentine, P. Nguyen, A. Marimuthu, B. L. West, J. D. Baxter, and P. J. Kushner
The Nuclear Receptor Corepressor (N-CoR) Contains Three Isoleucine Motifs (I/LXXII) That Serve as Receptor Interaction Domains (IDs)
Mol. Endocrinol., December 1, 2000; 14(12): 1976 - 1985.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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EndocrinologyHome page
S. Khurana, S. Ranmal, and N. Ben-Jonathan
Exposure of Newborn Male and Female Rats to Environmental Estrogens: Delayed and Sustained Hyperprolactinemia and Alterations in Estrogen Receptor Expression
Endocrinology, December 1, 2000; 141(12): 4512 - 4517.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]




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