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Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.A.P., G.G., Y.S.) and Pathology (P.A.C.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
The orphan receptor steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) plays a central role in development and differentiation of the adrenal gland and gonads. It also regulates the expression of several pivotal steroidogenic enzymes and other proteins that are essential for reproductive function. Its mechanism of target gene activation that directs these intricate processes has not been previously established. We demonstrate here that the activation function-2 (AF-2) activation hexamer (AF-2-AH) of SF-1, located within its carboxy-terminal region, is required for reporter gene activation by SF-1, as well as for SF-1-mediated induction of a steroidogenic phenotype in embryonic stem cells. We further demonstrate that SF-1s AF-2-AH is not sufficient for gene activation, requiring an additional, proximally located domain of SF-1, positioned between residues 187245. Correspondingly, we show that the coactivator SRC-1 potentiates the activity of SF-1 and that the interaction between SF-1 and SRC-1 requires both AF-2-AH and the proximal activation domain. We conclude that SF-1 harbors at least two activation domains within its carboxy terminus and that both are required for its transcriptional activation function and for direct interaction with SRC-1. It is likely that SRC-1 plays a key role in gene regulation by SF-1.
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D. Boerboom, N. Pilon, R. Behdjani, D. W. Silversides, and J. Sirois Expression and Regulation of Transcripts Encoding Two Members of the NR5A Nuclear Receptor Subfamily of Orphan Nuclear Receptors, Steroidogenic Factor-1 and NR5A2, in Equine Ovarian Cells during the Ovulatory Process Endocrinology, December 1, 2000; 141(12): 4647 - 4656. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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W. Xie, H. Hong, N. N. Yang, R. J. Lin, C. M. Simon, M. R. Stallcup, and R. M. Evans Constitutive Activation of Transcription and Binding of Coactivator by Estrogen-Related Receptors 1 and 2 Mol. Endocrinol., December 1, 1999; 13(12): 2151 - 2162. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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L.-A. Li, E. F-L. Chiang, J.-C. Chen, N.-C. Hsu, Y.-J. Chen, and B.-c. Chung Function of Steroidogenic Factor 1 Domains in Nuclear Localization, Transactivation, and Interaction with Transcription Factor TFIIB and c-Jun Mol. Endocrinol., September 1, 1999; 13(9): 1588 - 1598. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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H. Hong, L. Yang, and M. R. Stallcup Hormone-independent Transcriptional Activation and Coactivator Binding by Novel Orphan Nuclear Receptor ERR3 J. Biol. Chem., August 6, 1999; 274(32): 22618 - 22626. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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R. Ahlgren, G. Suske, M. R. Waterman, and J. Lund Role of Sp1 in cAMP-dependent Transcriptional Regulation of the Bovine CYP11A Gene J. Biol. Chem., July 2, 1999; 274(27): 19422 - 19428. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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D. Lopez, T. W. Sandhoff, and M. P. McLean Steroidogenic Factor-1 Mediates Cyclic 3',5'-Adenosine Monophosphate Regulation of the High Density Lipoprotein Receptor Endocrinology, July 1, 1999; 140(7): 3034 - 3044. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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C. Dorn, Q. Ou, J. Svaren, P. A. Crawford, and Y. Sadovsky Activation of Luteinizing Hormone beta Gene by Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Requires the Synergy of Early Growth Response-1 and Steroidogenic Factor-1 J. Biol. Chem., May 14, 1999; 274(20): 13870 - 13876. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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A. J. Reinhart, S. C. Williams, B. J. Clark, and D. M. Stocco SF-1 (Steroidogenic Factor-1) and C/EBP{beta} (CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein-{beta}) Cooperate to Regulate the Murine StAR (Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory) Promoter Mol. Endocrinol., May 1, 1999; 13(5): 729 - 741. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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P. De Santa Barbara, N. Bonneaud, B. Boizet, M. Desclozeaux, B. Moniot, P. Sudbeck, G. Scherer, F. Poulat, and P. Berta Direct Interaction of SRY-Related Protein SOX9 and Steroidogenic Factor 1 Regulates Transcription of the Human Anti-Mullerian Hormone Gene Mol. Cell. Biol., November 1, 1998; 18(11): 6653 - 6665. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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A. L. Jacob and J. Lund Mutations in the Activation Function-2 Core Domain of Steroidogenic Factor-1 Dominantly Suppresses PKA-dependent Transactivation of the Bovine CYP17 Gene J. Biol. Chem., May 29, 1998; 273(22): 13391 - 13394. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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P. A. Crawford, C. Dorn, Y. Sadovsky, and J. Milbrandt Nuclear Receptor DAX-1 Recruits Nuclear Receptor Corepressor N-CoR to Steroidogenic Factor 1 Mol. Cell. Biol., May 1, 1998; 18(5): 2949 - 2956. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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Y. Sadovsky and P. A. Crawford Developmental and Physiologic Roles of the Nuclear Receptor Steroidogenic Factor-I in the Reproductive System Reproductive Sciences, January 1, 1998; 5(1): 6 - 12. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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D. Liu, M. Chandy, S.-K. Lee, Y. Le Drean, H. Ando, F. Xiong, J. Woon Lee, and C. L. Hew A Zebrafish Ftz-F1 (Fushi Tarazu Factor 1) Homologue Requires Multiple Subdomains in the D and E Regions for Its Transcriptional Activity J. Biol. Chem., May 26, 2000; 275(22): 16758 - 16766. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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H. Pincas, J.-N. Laverriere, and R. Counis Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-activating Polypeptide and Cyclic Adenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate Stimulate the Promoter Activity of the Rat Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor Gene via a Bipartite Response Element in Gonadotrope-derived Cells J. Biol. Chem., June 22, 2001; 276(26): 23562 - 23571. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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