| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
-Hydroxylase and Mutations Causing Vitamin D-Dependent Rickets Type 1
Departments of Pediatrics (G.K.F., D.L., M.Y.H.Z., W.L.M., A.A.P),
Medicine (D.D.B., A.A.P.), and Dermatology (D.D.B.) Child Health
Research Center Veterans Affairs Medical Center (D.D.B.) San
Francisco, California 94121
Children’s Hospital Research
Institute (C.H.L.S.) Oakland, California 94609
The secosteroid hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
[1,25(OH)2D], plays a crucial role in normal
bone growth, calcium metabolism, and tissue differentiation. The key
step in the biosynthesis of 1,25-(OH)2D is its
1
-hydroxylation from 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) in the kidney.
Because its expression in the kidney is very low, we cloned and
sequenced cDNA for 25-OHD-1-hydroxylase (P450c1) from human
keratinocytes, in which 1-hydroxylase activity and mRNA expression
can be induced to be much greater. P450c1 mRNA was expressed at much
lower levels in human kidney, brain, and testis. Mammalian cells
transfected with the cloned P450c1 cDNA exhibit robust
1-hydroxylase activity. The identity of the
1,25(OH)2D3 product
synthesized in transfected cells was confirmed by HPLC and gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry. The gene encoding P450c1 was
localized to chromosome 12, where the 1-hydroxylase deficiency
syndrome, vitamin D-dependent rickets type 1 (VDDR-1), has been
localized. Primary cultures of human adult and neonatal keratinocytes
exhibit abundant 1-hydroxylase activity, whereas those from a
patient with VDDR-1 lacked detectable activity. Keratinocyte P450c1
cDNA from the patient with VDDR-1 contained deletion/frameshift
mutations either at codon 211 or at codon 231, indicating that the
patient was a compound heterozygote for two null mutations. These
findings establish the molecular genetic basis of VDDR-1, establish a
novel means for its study in keratinocytes, and provide the sequence of
the key enzyme in the biological activation of vitamin D.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  H. Liu, J. Guo, L. Wang, N. Chen, A. Karaplis, D. Goltzman, and D. Miao Distinctive anabolic roles of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone in teeth and mandible versus long bones J. Endocrinol., November 1, 2009; 203(2): 203 - 213. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Bikle Nonclassic Actions of Vitamin D J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2009; 94(1): 26 - 34. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. M. Chlon, D. A. Taffany, J. Welsh, and M. J. Rowling Retinoids Modulate Expression of the Endocytic Partners Megalin, Cubilin, and Disabled-2 and Uptake of Vitamin D-Binding Protein in Human Mammary Cells J. Nutr., July 1, 2008; 138(7): 1323 - 1328. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. J. Kim, L. E. Kaplan, F. Perwad, N. Huang, A. Sharma, Y. Choi, W. L. Miller, and A. A. Portale Vitamin D 1{alpha}-Hydroxylase Gene Mutations in Patients with 1{alpha}-Hydroxylase Deficiency J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2007; 92(8): 3177 - 3182. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. I. Ellison, R. L. Eckert, and P. N. MacDonald Evidence for 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-independent Transactivation by the Vitamin D Receptor: UNCOUPLING THE RECEPTOR AND LIGAND IN KERATINOCYTES J. Biol. Chem., April 13, 2007; 282(15): 10953 - 10962. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. D. Bikle For Whom the Bugs Toll; They Toll for D IBMS BoneKEy, April 1, 2006; 3(4): 12 - 15. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Kemmis, S. M. Salvador, K. M. Smith, and J. Welsh Human Mammary Epithelial Cells Express CYP27B1 and Are Growth Inhibited by 25-Hydroxyvitamin D-3, the Major Circulating Form of Vitamin D-3 J. Nutr., April 1, 2006; 136(4): 887 - 892. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Kong, S. A. Grando, and Y. C. Li Regulation of IL-1 Family Cytokines IL-1{alpha}, IL-1 Receptor Antagonist, and IL-18 by 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in Primary Keratinocytes J. Immunol., March 15, 2006; 176(6): 3780 - 3787. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. L. Vanhooke, J. M. Prahl, C. Kimmel-Jehan, M. Mendelsohn, E. W. Danielson, K. D. Healy, and H. F. DeLuca CYP27B1 null mice with LacZreporter gene display no 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1{alpha}-hydroxylase promoter activity in the skin PNAS, January 3, 2006; 103(1): 75 - 80. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Z. Xie, S. Chang, Y. Oda, and D. D. Bikle Hairless Suppresses Vitamin D Receptor Transactivation in Human Keratinocytes Endocrinology, January 1, 2006; 147(1): 314 - 323. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Yamamoto, E. Uchida, N. Urushino, T. Sakaki, N. Kagawa, N. Sawada, M. Kamakura, S. Kato, K. Inouye, and S. Yamada Identification of the Amino Acid Residue of CYP27B1 Responsible for Binding of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Whose Mutation Causes Vitamin D-dependent Rickets Type 1 J. Biol. Chem., August 26, 2005; 280(34): 30511 - 30516. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. S. Dusso, A. J. Brown, and E. Slatopolsky Vitamin D Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, July 1, 2005; 289(1): F8 - F28. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. L. Miller Minireview: Regulation of Steroidogenesis by Electron Transfer Endocrinology, June 1, 2005; 146(6): 2544 - 2550. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Ren, L. Nguyen, S. Wu, C. Encinas, J. S. Adams, and M. Hewison Alternative Splicing of Vitamin D-24-Hydroxylase: A NOVEL MECHANISM FOR THE REGULATION OF EXTRARENAL 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D SYNTHESIS J. Biol. Chem., May 27, 2005; 280(21): 20604 - 20611. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Skorija, M. Cox, J. M. Sisk, D. R. Dowd, P. N. MacDonald, C. C. Thompson, and M. B. Demay Ligand-Independent Actions of the Vitamin D Receptor Maintain Hair Follicle Homeostasis Mol. Endocrinol., April 1, 2005; 19(4): 855 - 862. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I Hendrix, P H Anderson, J L Omdahl, B K May, and H A Morris Response of the 5'-flanking region of the human 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1{alpha}-hydroxylase gene to physiological stimuli using a transgenic mouse model J. Mol. Endocrinol., February 1, 2005; 34(1): 237 - 245. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Welsh Vitamin D and breast cancer: insights from animal models Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2004; 80(6): 1721S - 1724S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. D. Bikle Vitamin D and Skin Cancer J. Nutr., December 1, 2004; 134(12): 3472S - 3478S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. N. Evans, J. N. Bulmer, M. D. Kilby, and M. Hewison Vitamin D and Placental-Decidual Function Reproductive Sciences, July 1, 2004; 11(5): 263 - 271. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. K. Panda, D. Miao, I. Bolivar, J. Li, R. Huo, G. N. Hendy, and D. Goltzman Inactivation of the 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 1{alpha}-Hydroxylase and Vitamin D Receptor Demonstrates Independent and Interdependent Effects of Calcium and Vitamin D on Skeletal and Mineral Homeostasis J. Biol. Chem., April 16, 2004; 279(16): 16754 - 16766. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Yokomura, T. Suda, S. Sasaki, N. Inui, K. Chida, and H. Nakamura Increased Expression of the 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3-1{alpha}-Hydroxylase Gene in Alveolar Macrophages of Patients with Lung Cancer J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2003; 88(12): 5704 - 5709. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-C. Hsieh, J. M. Sisk, P. W. Jurutka, C. A. Haussler, S. A. Slater, M. R. Haussler, and C. C. Thompson Physical and Functional Interaction between the Vitamin D Receptor and Hairless Corepressor, Two Proteins Required for Hair Cycling J. Biol. Chem., October 3, 2003; 278(40): 38665 - 38674. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. P. Guengerich Cytochromes P450, Drugs, and Diseases Mol. Interv., June 1, 2003; 3(4): 194 - 204. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Hewison, L. Freeman, S. V. Hughes, K. N. Evans, R. Bland, A. G. Eliopoulos, M. D. Kilby, P. A. H. Moss, and R. Chakraverty Differential Regulation of Vitamin D Receptor and Its Ligand in Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells J. Immunol., June 1, 2003; 170(11): 5382 - 5390. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Chen, M. Hewison, B. Hu, and J. S. Adams Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) binding to hormone response elements: A cause of vitamin D resistance PNAS, May 13, 2003; 100(10): 6109 - 6114. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Jelinsky, H. A. Harris, E. L. Brown, K. Flanagan, X. Zhang, C. Tunkey, K. Lai, M. V. Lane, D. K. Simcoe, and M. J. Evans Global Transcription Profiling of Estrogen Activity: Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Regulates Gene Expression in the Kidney Endocrinology, February 1, 2003; 144(2): 701 - 710. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. C. Huang, V. Papavasiliou, J. S. Rhim, R. L. Horst, and R. Kremer Targeted Disruption of the 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1{alpha}-Hydroxylase Gene in ras-Transformed Keratinocytes Demonstrates That Locally Produced 1{alpha},25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Suppresses Growth and Induces Differentiation in an Autocrine Fashion Mol. Cancer Res., November 1, 2002; 1(1): 56 - 67. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. Xie, S. J. Munson, N. Huang, A. A. Portale, W. L. Miller, and D. D. Bikle The Mechanism of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Autoregulation in Keratinocytes J. Biol. Chem., September 27, 2002; 277(40): 36987 - 36990. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Zehnder, K. N. Evans, M. D. Kilby, J. N. Bulmer, B. A. Innes, P. M. Stewart, and M. Hewison The Ontogeny of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1{alpha}-Hydroxylase Expression in Human Placenta and Decidua Am. J. Pathol., July 1, 2002; 161(1): 105 - 114. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. O. Carpenter Variable Degrees of 1-{alpha} Hydroxylase Activity--Fine Tuning the Rachitic Rheostat J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2002; 87(6): 2421 - 2423. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Wang, M. Y. H. Zhang, W. L. Miller, and A. A. Portale Novel Gene Mutations in Patients with 1{alpha}-Hydroxylase Deficiency That Confer Partial Enzyme Activity in Vitro J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2002; 87(6): 2424 - 2430. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Segersten, P. Correa, M. Hewison, P. Hellman, H. Dralle, T. Carling, G. Akerstrom, and G. Westin 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3-1{alpha}-Hydroxylase Expression in Normal and Pathological Parathyroid Glands J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2002; 87(6): 2967 - 2972. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Yoshida, J. Yoshino, M. Hayashi, and T. Saruta Identification of a Renal Proximal Tubular Cell-Specific Enhancer in the Mouse 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 1{alpha}-Hydroxylase Gene J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., June 1, 2002; 13(6): 1455 - 1463. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Zehnder, R. Bland, R. S. Chana, D. C. Wheeler, A. J. Howie, M. C. Williams, P. M. Stewart, and M. Hewison Synthesis of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 by Human Endothelial Cells Is Regulated by Inflammatory Cytokines: A Novel Autocrine Determinant of Vascular Cell Adhesion J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., March 1, 2002; 13(3): 621 - 629. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Y. H. Zhang, X. Wang, J. T. Wang, N. A. Compagnone, S. H. Mellon, J. L. Olson, H. S. Tenenhouse, W. L. Miller, and A. A. Portale Dietary Phosphorus Transcriptionally Regulates 25-Hydroxyvitamin D-1{alpha}-Hydroxylase Gene Expression in the Proximal Renal Tubule Endocrinology, February 1, 2002; 143(2): 587 - 595. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Dardenne, J. Prud'homme, A. Arabian, F. H. Glorieux, and R. St-Arnaud Targeted Inactivation of the 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3-1{{alpha}}-Hydroxylase Gene (CYP27B1) Creates an Animal Model of Pseudovitamin D-Deficiency Rickets Endocrinology, July 1, 2001; 142(7): 3135 - 3141. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Yamagata, A. Kimoto, T. Michigami, M. Nakayama, and K. Ozono Hydroxylases Involved in Vitamin D Metabolism Are Differentially Expressed in Murine Embryonic Kidney: Application of Whole Mount in Situ Hybridization Endocrinology, July 1, 2001; 142(7): 3223 - 3230. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. K. Panda, D. Miao, M. L. Tremblay, J. Sirois, R. Farookhi, G. N. Hendy, and D. Goltzman Targeted ablation of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1alpha -hydroxylase enzyme: Evidence for skeletal, reproductive, and immune dysfunction PNAS, June 19, 2001; 98(13): 7498 - 7503. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Yoshida, N. Yoshida, T. Monkawa, M. Hayashi, and T. Saruta Dietary Phosphorus Deprivation Induces 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1{{alpha}}-Hydroxylase Gene Expression Endocrinology, May 1, 2001; 142(5): 1720 - 1726. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.-Y. Hsu, D. Feldman, J. E. McNeal, and D. M. Peehl Reduced 1{{alpha}}-hydroxylase Activity in Human Prostate Cancer Cells Correlates with Decreased Susceptibility to 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3-induced Growth Inhibition Cancer Res., April 1, 2001; 61(7): 2852 - 2856. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. M. Maas, K. Reus, B. Diesel, W.-I. Steudel, W. Feiden, U. Fischer, and E. Meese Amplification and Expression of Splice Variants of the Gene Encoding the P450 Cytochrome 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1,{{alpha}}-Hydroxylase (CYP 27B1) in Human Malignant Glioma Clin. Cancer Res., April 1, 2001; 7(4): 868 - 875. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. S. Tenenhouse, J. Martel, C. Gauthier, M. Y. H. Zhang, and A. A. Portale Renal Expression of the Sodium/Phosphate Cotransporter Gene, Npt2, Is Not Required for Regulation of Renal 1{{alpha}}-Hydroxylase by Phosphate Endocrinology, March 1, 2001; 142(3): 1124 - 1129. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Zehnder, R. Bland, M. C. Williams, R. W. McNinch, A. J. Howie, P. M. Stewart, and M. Hewison Extrarenal Expression of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3-1{{alpha}}-Hydroxylase J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2001; 86(2): 888 - 894. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Díaz, I. Sánchez, E. Avila, A. Halhali, F. Vilchis, and F. Larrea Identification of a 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1{alpha}-Hydroxylase Gene Transcription Product in Cultures of Human Syncytiotrophoblast Cells J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2000; 85(7): 2543 - 2549. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. St-Arnaud, A. Arabian, R. Travers, F. Barletta, M. Raval-Pandya, K. Chapin, J. Depovere, C. Mathieu, S. Christakos, M. B. Demay, et al. Deficient Mineralization of Intramembranous Bone in Vitamin D-24-Hydroxylase-Ablated Mice Is Due to Elevated 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D and Not to the Absence of 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Endocrinology, July 1, 2000; 141(7): 2658 - 2666. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. ZEHNDER, R. BLAND, E. A. WALKER, A. R. BRADWELL, A. J. HOWIE, M. HEWISON, and P. M. STEWART Expression of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3-1{alpha}-Hydroxylase in the Human Kidney J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., December 1, 1999; 10(12): 2465 - 2473. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. YOSHIDA, T. YOSHIDA, A. NAKAMURA, T. MONKAWA, M. HAYASHI, and T. SARUTA Calcitonin Induces 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1{alpha}-Hydroxylase mRNA Expression via Protein Kinase C Pathway in LLC-PK1 Cells J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., December 1, 1999; 10(12): 2474 - 2479. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Kitanaka, A. Murayama, T. Sakaki, K. Inouye, Y. Seino, S. Fukumoto, M. Shima, S. Yukizane, M. Takayanagi, H. Niimi, et al. No Enzyme Activity of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1{alpha}-Hydroxylase Gene Product in Pseudovitamin D Deficiency Rickets, Including That with Mild Clinical Manifestation J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 1999; 84(11): 4111 - 4117. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Brown, A. Dusso, and E. Slatopolsky Vitamin D Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, August 1, 1999; 277(2): F157 - F175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Shinki, Y. Ueno, H. F. DeLuca, and T. Suda Calcitonin is a major regulator for the expression of renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1alpha -hydroxylase gene in normocalcemic rats PNAS, July 6, 1999; 96(14): 8253 - 8258. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Jones, H. Ramshaw, A. Zhang, R. Cook, V. Byford, J. White, and M. Petkovich Expression and Activity of Vitamin D-Metabolizing Cytochrome P450s (CYP1{alpha} and CYP24) in Human Nonsmall Cell Lung Carcinomas Endocrinology, July 1, 1999; 140(7): 3303 - 3310. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. F. Kong, X. H. Zhu, Y. L. Pei, D. M. Jackson, and M. F. Holick Molecular cloning, characterization, and promoter analysis of the human 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1alpha -hydroxylase gene PNAS, June 8, 1999; 96(12): 6988 - 6993. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Bland, E. A. Walker, S. V. Hughes, P. M. Stewart, and M. Hewison Constitutive Expression of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3-1{alpha}-Hydroxylase in a Transformed Human Proximal Tubule Cell Line: Evidence for Direct Regulation of Vitamin D Metabolism by Calcium Endocrinology, May 1, 1999; 140(5): 2027 - 2034. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Murayama, K.-i. Takeyama, S. Kitanaka, Y. Kodera, Y. Kawaguchi, T. Hosoya, and S. Kato Positive and Negative Regulations of the Renal 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1{alpha}-Hydroxylase Gene by Parathyroid Hormone, Calcitonin, and 1{alpha},25(OH)2D3 in Intact Animals Endocrinology, May 1, 1999; 140(5): 2224 - 2231. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. YOSHIDA, N. YOSHIDA, A. NAKAMURA, T. MONKAWA, M. HAYASHI, and T. SARUTA Cloning of Porcine 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1{alpha}-Hydroxylase and Its Regulation by cAMP in LLC-PK1 Cells J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., May 1, 1999; 10(5): 963 - 970. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. J. Malloy, J. W. Pike, and D. Feldman The Vitamin D Receptor and the Syndrome of Hereditary 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D-Resistant Rickets Endocr. Rev., April 1, 1999; 20(2): 156 - 188. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. C. Li, M. Amling, A. E. Pirro, M. Priemel, J. Meuse, R. Baron, G. Delling, and M. B. Demay Normalization of Mineral Ion Homeostasis by Dietary Means Prevents Hyperparathyroidism, Rickets, and Osteomalacia, But Not Alopecia in Vitamin D Receptor-Ablated Mice Endocrinology, October 1, 1998; 139(10): 4391 - 4396. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. JONES, S. A. STRUGNELL, and H. F. DeLUCA Current Understanding of the Molecular Actions of Vitamin D Physiol Rev, October 1, 1998; 78(4): 1193 - 1231. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. St-Arnaud and F. H. Glorieux Editorial: 24, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D--Active Metabolite or Inactive Catabolite? Endocrinology, August 1, 1998; 139(8): 3371 - 3374. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Bouillon The Many Faces of Rickets N. Engl. J. Med., March 5, 1998; 338(10): 681 - 682. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Chen, B. Hu, E. A. Allegretto, and J. S. Adams The Vitamin D Response Element-binding Protein. A NOVEL DOMINANT-NEGATIVE REGULATOR OF VITAMIN D-DIRECTED TRANSACTIVATION J. Biol. Chem., November 3, 2000; 275(45): 35557 - 35564. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Endocrinology | Endocrine Reviews | J. Clin. End. & Metab. |
| Molecular Endocrinology | Recent Prog. Horm. Res. | All Endocrine Journals |
