help button home button Endocrine Society Molecular Endocrinology ENDO 08 Sessions Library
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Submit a related Letter to the Editor
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when eLetters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Reprints, Permissions and Rights
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Smith, C. L.
Right arrow Articles by O’Malley, B. W.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Smith, C. L.
Right arrow Articles by O’Malley, B. W.
Molecular Endocrinology 11 (6): 657-666
Copyright © 1997 by The Endocrine Society

Coactivator and Corepressor Regulation of the Agonist/Antagonist Activity of the Mixed Antiestrogen, 4-Hydroxytamoxifen

Carolyn L. Smith, Zafar Nawaz and Bert W. O’Malley

Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030-3498

Mixed antiestrogens, such as 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4HT), act as either partial agonists or antagonists of estrogen receptor (ER) function in a tissue-, cell-, and promoter-specific manner, suggesting that intracellular factors modulate their ability to regulate transcription. To determine whether coactivators and corepressors have the capacity to modulate the relative agonist/antagonist activity of 4HT, ER-dependent gene expression was measured in the absence or presence of expression vectors for SRC-1 (steroid receptor coactivator-1) or SMRT (silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptors). In Hep G2 cells in which 4HT is an agonist, exogenous SRC-1 enhanced estradiol (E2)- and 4HT-stimulated transcription in a dose-dependent manner, while SMRT overexpression strongly reduced basal and 4HT-stimulated gene expression with no effect on E2 activity. These observations were not cell- or promoter-specific inasmuch as similar results were obtained in HeLa cells under conditions in which 4HT is an antagonist. A protein-protein interaction assay indicated that the full-length ER binds to SMRT in vitro. To assess whether relative coactivator and corepressor expression within a given cell could modulate the balance of 4HT agonist/antagonist activity, SRC-1 and SMRT were coexpressed. SMRT overexpression blocked SRC-1 coactivation of 4HT-stimulated gene expression and preferentially inhibited 4HT agonist activity whether or not exogenous SRC-1 was present. The cumulative data in this model system indicate that the relative expression of coactivators and corepressors can modulate 4HT regulation of ER transcriptional activity and suggest they could contribute to the tissue-specific ability of mixed antiestrogens to activate or inhibit ER-mediated gene expression.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
M. Amita, T. Takahashi, S. Tsutsumi, T. Ohta, K. Takata, N. Henmi, S. Hara, H. Igarashi, K. Takahashi, and H. Kurachi
Molecular Mechanism of the Inhibition of Estradiol-Induced Endometrial Epithelial Cell Proliferation by Clomiphene Citrate
Endocrinology, January 1, 2010; 151(1): 394 - 405.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
X. Cheng and H.-Y. Kao
G Protein Pathway Suppressor 2 (GPS2) Is a Transcriptional Corepressor Important for Estrogen Receptor {alpha}-mediated Transcriptional Regulation
J. Biol. Chem., December 25, 2009; 284(52): 36395 - 36404.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr Relat CancerHome page
D. J Kojetin, T. P Burris, E. V Jensen, and S. A Khan
Implications of the binding of tamoxifen to the coactivator recognition site of the estrogen receptor
Endocr. Relat. Cancer, December 1, 2008; 15(4): 851 - 870.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Mol EndocrinolHome page
B. Chen, Y. Wang, S. E Kane, and S. Chen
Improvement of sensitivity to tamoxifen in estrogen receptor-positive and Herceptin-resistant breast cancer cells
J. Mol. Endocrinol., November 1, 2008; 41(5): 367 - 377.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JCBHome page
K. J. Stanya, Y. Liu, A. R. Means, and H.-Y. Kao
Cdk2 and Pin1 negatively regulate the transcriptional corepressor SMRT
J. Cell Biol., October 6, 2008; 183(1): 49 - 61.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
H. A. Molenda-Figueira, S. D. Murphy, K. L. Shea, N. K. Siegal, Y. Zhao, J. G. Chadwick Jr., L. A. Denner, and M. J. Tetel
Steroid Receptor Coactivator-1 from Brain Physically Interacts Differentially with Steroid Receptor Subtypes
Endocrinology, October 1, 2008; 149(10): 5272 - 5279.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
L.-N. Song and E. P. Gelmann
Silencing Mediator for Retinoid and Thyroid Hormone Receptor and Nuclear Receptor Corepressor Attenuate Transcriptional Activation by the {beta}-Catenin-TCF4 Complex
J. Biol. Chem., September 19, 2008; 283(38): 25988 - 25999.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
G. Arpino, L. Wiechmann, C. K. Osborne, and R. Schiff
Crosstalk between the Estrogen Receptor and the HER Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Family: Molecular Mechanism and Clinical Implications for Endocrine Therapy Resistance
Endocr. Rev., April 1, 2008; 29(2): 217 - 233.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Reproductive SciencesHome page
G. Chaudhuri
Nuclear Receptors and Female Reproduction: A Tale of 3 Scientists, Jensen, Gustafsson, and O'Malley
Reproductive Sciences, February 1, 2008; 15(2): 110 - 120.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
C. D. Curtis, V. S. Likhite, I. X. McLeod, J. R. Yates, and A. M. Nardulli
Interaction of the Tumor Metastasis Suppressor Nonmetastatic Protein 23 Homologue H1 and Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Alters Estrogen-Responsive Gene Expression
Cancer Res., November 1, 2007; 67(21): 10600 - 10607.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
C. Naughton, K. MacLeod, B. Kuske, R. Clarke, D. A. Cameron, and S. P. Langdon
Progressive Loss of Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Cofactor Recruitment in Endocrine Resistance
Mol. Endocrinol., November 1, 2007; 21(11): 2615 - 2626.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
G. Guler, D. Iliopoulos, N. Guler, C. Himmetoglu, M. Hayran, and K. Huebner
Wwox and Ap2{gamma} Expression Levels Predict Tamoxifen Response
Clin. Cancer Res., October 15, 2007; 13(20): 6115 - 6121.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
J. Cheng, C. Zhang, and D. J. Shapiro
A Functional Serine 118 Phosphorylation Site in Estrogen Receptor-{alpha} Is Required for Down-Regulation of Gene Expression by 17{beta}-Estradiol and 4-Hydroxytamoxifen
Endocrinology, October 1, 2007; 148(10): 4634 - 4641.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
D. Kressler, M. B. Hock, and A. Kralli
Coactivators PGC-1beta and SRC-1 Interact Functionally to Promote the Agonist Activity of the Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator Tamoxifen
J. Biol. Chem., September 14, 2007; 282(37): 26897 - 26907.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
T. J. Peterson, S. Karmakar, M. C. Pace, T. Gao, and C. L. Smith
The Silencing Mediator of Retinoic Acid and Thyroid Hormone Receptor (SMRT) Corepressor Is Required for Full Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Transcriptional Activity
Mol. Cell. Biol., September 1, 2007; 27(17): 5933 - 5948.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Physiol. Rev.Home page
N. Heldring, A. Pike, S. Andersson, J. Matthews, G. Cheng, J. Hartman, M. Tujague, A. Strom, E. Treuter, M. Warner, et al.
Estrogen Receptors: How Do They Signal and What Are Their Targets
Physiol Rev, July 1, 2007; 87(3): 905 - 931.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr Relat CancerHome page
S. M Johnson, M. Maleki-Dizaji, J. A Styles, and I. N H White
Ishikawa cells exhibit differential gene expression profiles in response to oestradiol or 4-hydroxytamoxifen
Endocr. Relat. Cancer, June 1, 2007; 14(2): 337 - 350.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Mol EndocrinolHome page
L. Li, M. E Andersen, S. Heber, and Q. Zhang
Non-monotonic dose-response relationship in steroid hormone receptor-mediated gene expression
J. Mol. Endocrinol., May 1, 2007; 38(5): 569 - 585.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
S. J. Han, S. Y. Tsai, M.-J. Tsai, and B. W. O'Malley
Distinct Temporal and Spatial Activities of RU486 on Progesterone Receptor Function in Reproductive Organs of Ovariectomized Mice
Endocrinology, May 1, 2007; 148(5): 2471 - 2486.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
M. Lupien, M. Jeyakumar, E. Hebert, K. Hilmi, D. Cotnoir-White, C. Loch, A. Auger, G. Dayan, G.-A. Pinard, J.-M. Wurtz, et al.
Raloxifene and ICI182,780 Increase Estrogen Receptor-{alpha} Association with a Nuclear Compartment via Overlapping Sets of Hydrophobic Amino Acids in Activation Function 2 Helix 12
Mol. Endocrinol., April 1, 2007; 21(4): 797 - 816.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Adv. Physiol. Educ.Home page
M. E. Wierman
Sex steroid effects at target tissues: mechanisms of action
Advan Physiol Educ, March 1, 2007; 31(1): 26 - 33.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
J. N. Miner, W. Chang, M. S. Chapman, P. D. Finn, M. H. Hong, F. J. Lopez, K. B. Marschke, J. Rosen, W. Schrader, R. Turner, et al.
An Orally Active Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator Is Efficacious on Bone, Muscle, and Sex Function with Reduced Impact on Prostate
Endocrinology, January 1, 2007; 148(1): 363 - 373.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr Relat CancerHome page
M. Mc Ilroy, F. J Fleming, Y. Buggy, A. D K Hill, and L. S Young
Tamoxifen-induced ER-{alpha}-SRC-3 interaction in HER2 positive human breast cancer; a possible mechanism for ER isoform specific recurrence
Endocr. Relat. Cancer, December 1, 2006; 13(4): 1135 - 1145.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Pharmacol. Rev.Home page
P. Germain, B. Staels, C. Dacquet, M. Spedding, and V. Laudet
Overview of Nomenclature of Nuclear Receptors
Pharmacol. Rev., December 1, 2006; 58(4): 685 - 704.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
Y. Wu, H. Kawate, K. Ohnaka, H. Nawata, and R. Takayanagi
Nuclear Compartmentalization of N-CoR and Its Interactions with Steroid Receptors
Mol. Cell. Biol., September 1, 2006; 26(17): 6633 - 6655.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
B. Moy and P. E. Goss
Estrogen Receptor Pathway: Resistance to Endocrine Therapy and New Therapeutic Approaches.
Clin. Cancer Res., August 15, 2006; 12(16): 4790 - 4793.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
D. Sharma, N. K. Saxena, N. E. Davidson, and P. M. Vertino
Restoration of Tamoxifen Sensitivity in Estrogen Receptor-Negative Breast Cancer Cells: Tamoxifen-Bound Reactivated ER Recruits Distinctive Corepressor Complexes.
Cancer Res., June 15, 2006; 66(12): 6370 - 6378.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
W. Xia, S. Bacus, P. Hegde, I. Husain, J. Strum, L. Liu, G. Paulazzo, L. Lyass, P. Trusk, J. Hill, et al.
A model of acquired autoresistance to a potent ErbB2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor and a therapeutic strategy to prevent its onset in breast cancer
PNAS, May 16, 2006; 103(20): 7795 - 7800.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
H.-G. Yoon and J. Wong
The Corepressors Silencing Mediator of Retinoid and Thyroid Hormone Receptor and Nuclear Receptor Corepressor Are Involved in Agonist- and Antagonist-Regulated Transcription by Androgen Receptor
Mol. Endocrinol., May 1, 2006; 20(5): 1048 - 1060.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
L. Lipfert, J. E. Fisher, N. Wei, A. Scafonas, Q. Su, J. Yudkovitz, F. Chen, S. Warrier, E. T. Birzin, S. Kim, et al.
Antagonist-Induced, Activation Function-2-Independent Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Phosphorylation
Mol. Endocrinol., March 1, 2006; 20(3): 516 - 533.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
A. Vivacqua, D. Bonofiglio, A. G. Recchia, A. M. Musti, D. Picard, S. Ando, and M. Maggiolini
The G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR30 Mediates the Proliferative Effects Induced by 17{beta}-Estradiol and Hydroxytamoxifen in Endometrial Cancer Cells
Mol. Endocrinol., March 1, 2006; 20(3): 631 - 646.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
T. Iwasaki, A. Takeshita, W. Miyazaki, W. W. Chin, and N. Koibuchi
The Interaction of TR{beta}1-N Terminus with Steroid Receptor Coactivator-1 (SRC-1) Serves a Full Transcriptional Activation Function of SRC-1
Endocrinology, March 1, 2006; 147(3): 1452 - 1457.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
S. H. Baek, K. A. Ohgi, C. A. Nelson, D. Welsbie, C. Chen, C. L. Sawyers, D. W. Rose, and M. G. Rosenfeld
Ligand-specific allosteric regulation of coactivator functions of androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells
PNAS, February 28, 2006; 103(9): 3100 - 3105.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. Albers, B. Blume, T. Schlueter, M. B. Wright, I. Kober, C. Kremoser, U. Deuschle, and M. Koegl
A Novel Principle for Partial Agonism of Liver X Receptor Ligands: COMPETITIVE RECRUITMENT OF ACTIVATORS AND REPRESSORS
J. Biol. Chem., February 24, 2006; 281(8): 4920 - 4930.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
S. P. Linke, T. M. Bremer, C. D. Herold, G. Sauter, and C. Diamond
A Multimarker Model to Predict Outcome in Tamoxifen-Treated Breast Cancer Patients
Clin. Cancer Res., February 15, 2006; 12(4): 1175 - 1183.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
H. Zhang, X. Xie, X. Zhu, J. Zhu, C. Hao, Q. Lu, L. Ding, Y. Liu, L. Zhou, Y. Liu, et al.
Stimulatory Cross-talk between NFAT3 and Estrogen Receptor in Breast Cancer Cells
J. Biol. Chem., December 30, 2005; 280(52): 43188 - 43197.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Interv.Home page
J. M. Hall and D. P. McDonnell
Coregulators in Nuclear Estrogen Receptor Action: From Concept to Therapeutic Targeting
Mol. Interv., December 1, 2005; 5(6): 343 - 357.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
J. Huang, X. Li, C. A. Maguire, R. Hilf, R. A. Bambara, and M. Muyan
Binding of Estrogen Receptor {beta} to Estrogen Response Element in Situ Is Independent of Estradiol and Impaired by Its Amino Terminus
Mol. Endocrinol., November 1, 2005; 19(11): 2696 - 2712.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JCOHome page
X. Cui, R. Schiff, G. Arpino, C. K. Osborne, and A. V. Lee
Biology of Progesterone Receptor Loss in Breast Cancer and Its Implications for Endocrine Therapy
J. Clin. Oncol., October 20, 2005; 23(30): 7721 - 7735.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
S. J. Han, J. Jeong, F. J. DeMayo, J. Xu, S. Y. Tsai, M.-J. Tsai, and B. W. O'Malley
Dynamic Cell Type Specificity of SRC-1 Coactivator in Modulating Uterine Progesterone Receptor Function in Mice
Mol. Cell. Biol., September 15, 2005; 25(18): 8150 - 8165.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
J. Frasor, J. M. Danes, C. C. Funk, and B. S. Katzenellenbogen
Estrogen down-regulation of the corepressor N-CoR: Mechanism and implications for estrogen derepression of N-CoR-regulated genes
PNAS, September 13, 2005; 102(37): 13153 - 13157.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr Relat CancerHome page
K-M Rau, H-Y Kang, T-L Cha, S A Miller, and M-C Hung
The mechanisms and managements of hormone-therapy resistance in breast and prostate cancers
Endocr. Relat. Cancer, September 1, 2005; 12(3): 511 - 532.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
E. Peeva, J. Venkatesh, and B. Diamond
Tamoxifen Blocks Estrogen-Induced B Cell Maturation but Not Survival
J. Immunol., August 1, 2005; 175(3): 1415 - 1423.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
D. Wang and S. S. Simons Jr.
Corepressor Binding to Progesterone and Glucocorticoid Receptors Involves the Activation Function-1 Domain and Is Inhibited by Molybdate
Mol. Endocrinol., June 1, 2005; 19(6): 1483 - 1500.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
E. K. Keeton and M. Brown
Cell Cycle Progression Stimulated by Tamoxifen-Bound Estrogen Receptor-{alpha} and Promoter-Specific Effects in Breast Cancer Cells Deficient in N-CoR and SMRT
Mol. Endocrinol., June 1, 2005; 19(6): 1543 - 1554.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
B. W. O'Malley
A Life-Long Search for the Molecular Pathways of Steroid Hormone Action
Mol. Endocrinol., June 1, 2005; 19(6): 1402 - 1411.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
R.-C. Wu, C. L. Smith, and B. W. O'Malley
Transcriptional Regulation by Steroid Receptor Coactivator Phosphorylation
Endocr. Rev., May 1, 2005; 26(3): 393 - 399.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
K. Chwalisz, M. C. Perez, D. DeManno, C. Winkel, G. Schubert, and W. Elger
Selective Progesterone Receptor Modulator Development and Use in the Treatment of Leiomyomata and Endometriosis
Endocr. Rev., May 1, 2005; 26(3): 423 - 438.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JCOHome page
C. K. Osborne and R. Schiff
Estrogen-Receptor Biology: Continuing Progress and Therapeutic Implications
J. Clin. Oncol., March 10, 2005; 23(8): 1616 - 1622.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JCOHome page
C. J. Fabian and B. F. Kimler
Selective Estrogen-Receptor Modulators for Primary Prevention of Breast Cancer
J. Clin. Oncol., March 10, 2005; 23(8): 1644 - 1655.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr Relat CancerHome page
J A Vendrell, I Bieche, C Desmetz, E Badia, S Tozlu, C Nguyen, J C Nicolas, R Lidereau, and P A Cohen
Molecular changes associated with the agonist activity of hydroxy-tamoxifen and the hyper-response to estradiol in hydroxy-tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cell lines
Endocr. Relat. Cancer, March 1, 2005; 12(1): 75 - 92.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
Y. M. Shah and B. G. Rowan
The Src Kinase Pathway Promotes Tamoxifen Agonist Action in Ishikawa Endometrial Cells through Phosphorylation-Dependent Stabilization of Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Promoter Interaction and Elevated Steroid Receptor Coactivator 1 Activity
Mol. Endocrinol., March 1, 2005; 19(3): 732 - 748.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. C. Hodgson, I. Astapova, S. Cheng, L. J. Lee, M. C. Verhoeven, E. Choi, S. P. Balk, and A. N. Hollenberg
The Androgen Receptor Recruits Nuclear Receptor CoRepressor (N-CoR) in the Presence of Mifepristone via Its N and C Termini Revealing a Novel Molecular Mechanism for Androgen Receptor Antagonists
J. Biol. Chem., February 25, 2005; 280(8): 6511 - 6519.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
J. Jyrkkarinne, B. Windshugel, J. Makinen, M. Ylisirnio, M. Perakyla, A. Poso, W. Sippl, and P. Honkakoski
Amino Acids Important for Ligand Specificity of the Human Constitutive Androstane Receptor
J. Biol. Chem., February 18, 2005; 280(7): 5960 - 5971.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
S. Cho, B. L. Kagan, J. A. Blackford Jr., D. Szapary, and S. S. Simons Jr.
Glucocorticoid Receptor Ligand Binding Domain Is Sufficient for the Modulation of Glucocorticoid Induction Properties by Homologous Receptors, Coactivator Transcription Intermediary Factor 2, and Ubc9
Mol. Endocrinol., February 1, 2005; 19(2): 290 - 311.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
C. K. Osborne, J. Shou, S. Massarweh, and R. Schiff
Crosstalk between Estrogen Receptor and Growth Factor Receptor Pathways as a Cause for Endocrine Therapy Resistance in Breast Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res., January 15, 2005; 11(2): 865s - 870s.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
D. P. McDonnell
The Molecular Pharmacology of Estrogen Receptor Modulators: Implications for the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res., January 15, 2005; 11(2): 871s - 877s.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
V. Pogenberg, J.-F. Guichou, V. Vivat-Hannah, S. Kammerer, E. Perez, P. Germain, A. R. de Lera, H. Gronemeyer, C. A. Royer, and W. Bourguet
Characterization of the Interaction between Retinoic Acid Receptor/Retinoid X Receptor (RAR/RXR) Heterodimers and Transcriptional Coactivators through Structural and Fluorescence Anisotropy Studies
J. Biol. Chem., January 14, 2005; 280(2): 1625 - 1633.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J EndocrinolHome page
H. Zhang, T. McElrath, W. Tong, and J. W Pollard
The molecular basis of tamoxifen induction of mouse uterine epithelial cell proliferation
J. Endocrinol., January 1, 2005; 184(1): 129 - 140.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr Relat CancerHome page
A. Ring and M. Dowsett
Mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance
Endocr. Relat. Cancer, December 1, 2004; 11(4): 643 - 658.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
M. H. Herynk and S. A. W. Fuqua
Estrogen Receptor Mutations in Human Disease
Endocr. Rev., December 1, 2004; 25(6): 869 - 898.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J EndocrinolHome page
C E Waters, A Stevens, A White, and D W Ray
Analysis of co-factor function in a glucocorticoid-resistant small cell carcinoma cell line
J. Endocrinol., November 1, 2004; 183(2): 375 - 383.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
M. A. Loven, R. E. Davis, C. D. Curtis, N. Muster, J. R. Yates, and A. M. Nardulli
A Novel Estrogen Receptor {alpha}-Associated Protein Alters Receptor-Deoxyribonucleic Acid Interactions and Represses Receptor-Mediated Transcription
Mol. Endocrinol., November 1, 2004; 18(11): 2649 - 2659.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Mol EndocrinolHome page
C M Klinge, S C Jernigan, K A Mattingly, K E Risinger, and J Zhang
Estrogen response element-dependent regulation of transcriptional activation of estrogen receptors {alpha} and {beta} by coactivators and corepressors
J. Mol. Endocrinol., October 1, 2004; 33(2): 387 - 410.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
D. Masiello, S.-Y. Chen, Y. Xu, M. C. Verhoeven, E. Choi, A. N. Hollenberg, and S. P. Balk
Recruitment of {beta}-Catenin by Wild-Type or Mutant Androgen Receptors Correlates with Ligand-Stimulated Growth of Prostate Cancer Cells
Mol. Endocrinol., October 1, 2004; 18(10): 2388 - 2401.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
A. H. Talukder, A. Gururaj, S. K. Mishra, R. K. Vadlamudi, and R. Kumar
Metastasis-Associated Protein 1 Interacts with NRIF3, an Estrogen-Inducible Nuclear Receptor Coregulator
Mol. Cell. Biol., August 1, 2004; 24(15): 6581 - 6591.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
M. B. Buck, K. Pfizenmaier, and C. Knabbe
Antiestrogens Induce Growth Inhibition by Sequential Activation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Transforming Growth Factor-{beta} Pathways in Human Breast Cancer Cells
Mol. Endocrinol., July 1, 2004; 18(7): 1643 - 1657.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JNCI J Natl Cancer InstHome page
J. Shou, S. Massarweh, C. K. Osborne, A. E. Wakeling, S. Ali, H. Weiss, and R. Schiff
Mechanisms of Tamoxifen Resistance: Increased Estrogen Receptor-HER2/neu Cross-Talk in ER/HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
J Natl Cancer Inst, June 16, 2004; 96(12): 926 - 935.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
Q. Wang, J. A. Blackford Jr., L.-N. Song, Y. Huang, S. Cho, and S. S. Simons Jr.
Equilibrium Interactions of Corepressors and Coactivators with Agonist and Antagonist Complexes of Glucocorticoid Receptors
Mol. Endocrinol., June 1, 2004; 18(6): 1376 - 1395.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
N. Heldring, M. Nilsson, B. Buehrer, E. Treuter, and J.-A. Gustafsson
Identification of Tamoxifen-Induced Coregulator Interaction Surfaces within the Ligand-Binding Domain of Estrogen Receptors
Mol. Cell. Biol., April 15, 2004; 24(8): 3445 - 3459.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
X.-f. Liu and M. K. Bagchi
Recruitment of Distinct Chromatin-modifying Complexes by Tamoxifen-complexed Estrogen Receptor at Natural Target Gene Promoters in Vivo
J. Biol. Chem., April 9, 2004; 279(15): 15050 - 15058.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JNCI J Natl Cancer InstHome page
B. J. Long, D. Jelovac, V. Handratta, A. Thiantanawat, N. MacPherson, J. Ragaz, O. G. Goloubeva, and A. M. Brodie
Therapeutic Strategies Using the Aromatase Inhibitor Letrozole and Tamoxifen in a Breast Cancer Model
J Natl Cancer Inst, March 17, 2004; 96(6): 456 - 465.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
J. Frasor, F. Stossi, J. M. Danes, B. Komm, C. R. Lyttle, and B. S. Katzenellenbogen
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators: Discrimination of Agonistic versus Antagonistic Activities by Gene Expression Profiling in Breast Cancer Cells
Cancer Res., February 15, 2004; 64(4): 1522 - 1533.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
C. L. Smith and B. W. O'Malley
Coregulator Function: A Key to Understanding Tissue Specificity of Selective Receptor Modulators
Endocr. Rev., February 1, 2004; 25(1): 45 - 71.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Reproductive SciencesHome page
A. Vienonen, S. Miettinen, M. Blauer, P. M. Martikainen, E. Tomas, P. K. Heinonen, and T. Ylikomi
Expression of Nuclear Receptors and Cofacotrs in Human Endometrium and Myometrium
Reproductive Sciences, February 1, 2004; 11(2): 104 - 112.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
L.-N. Song, M. Coghlan, and E. P. Gelmann
Antiandrogen Effects of Mifepristone on Coactivator and Corepressor Interactions with the Androgen Receptor
Mol. Endocrinol., January 1, 2004; 18(1): 70 - 85.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
V. Y. Lin, E. M. Resnick, and M. A. Shupnik
Truncated Estrogen Receptor Product-1 Stimulates Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Transcriptional Activity by Titration of Repressor Proteins
J. Biol. Chem., October 3, 2003; 278(40): 38125 - 38131.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
D. Chen, M. J. Lucey, F. Phoenix, J. Lopez-Garcia, S. M. Hart, R. Losson, L. Buluwela, R. C. Coombes, P. Chambon, P. Schar, et al.
T:G Mismatch-specific Thymine-DNA Glycosylase Potentiates Transcription of Estrogen-regulated Genes through Direct Interaction with Estrogen Receptor {alpha}
J. Biol. Chem., October 3, 2003; 278(40): 38586 - 38592.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
J. Xu and Q. Li
Review of the in Vivo Functions of the p160 Steroid Receptor Coactivator Family
Mol. Endocrinol., September 1, 2003; 17(9): 1681 - 1692.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
I. U. Agoulnik, W. C. Krause, W. E. Bingman III, H. T. Rahman, M. Amrikachi, G. E. Ayala, and N. L. Weigel
Repressors of Androgen and Progesterone Receptor Action
J. Biol. Chem., August 15, 2003; 278(33): 31136 - 31148.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
A. J. Morrison, R. E. Herrera, E. C. Heinsohn, R. Schiff, and C. K. Osborne
Dominant-Negative Nuclear Receptor Corepressor Relieves Transcriptional Inhibition of Retinoic Acid Receptor but Does Not Alter the Agonist/Antagonist Activities of the Tamoxifen-Bound Estrogen Receptor
Mol. Endocrinol., August 1, 2003; 17(8): 1543 - 1554.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
T. Fujita, Y. Kobayashi, O. Wada, Y. Tateishi, L. Kitada, Y. Yamamoto, H. Takashima, A. Murayama, T. Yano, T. Baba, et al.
Full Activation of Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Activation Function-1 Induces Proliferation of Breast Cancer Cells
J. Biol. Chem., July 11, 2003; 278(29): 26704 - 26714.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
C. Zhao, A. Koide, J. Abrams, S. Deighton-Collins, A. Martinez, J. A. Schwartz, S. Koide, and D. F. Skafar
Mutation of Leu-536 in Human Estrogen Receptor-{alpha} Alters the Coupling between Ligand Binding, Transcription Activation, and Receptor Conformation
J. Biol. Chem., July 11, 2003; 278(29): 27278 - 27286.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
M. Dutertre and C. L. Smith
Ligand-Independent Interactions of p160/Steroid Receptor Coactivators and CREB-Binding Protein (CBP) with Estrogen Receptor-{alpha}: Regulation by Phosphorylation Sites in the A/B Region Depends on Other Receptor Domains
Mol. Endocrinol., July 1, 2003; 17(7): 1296 - 1314.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
S. K. Mishra, A. Mazumdar, R. K. Vadlamudi, F. Li, R.-A. Wang, W. Yu, V. C. Jordan, R. J. Santen, and R. Kumar
MICoA, a Novel Metastasis-associated Protein 1 (MTA1) Interacting Protein Coactivator, Regulates Estrogen Receptor-{alpha} Transactivation Functions
J. Biol. Chem., May 23, 2003; 278(21): 19209 - 19219.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
A. Stevens, H. Garside, A. Berry, C. Waters, A. White, and D. Ray
Dissociation of Steroid Receptor Coactivator 1 and Nuclear Receptor Corepressor Recruitment to the Human Glucocorticoid Receptor by Modification of the Ligand-Receptor Interface: The Role of Tyrosine 735
Mol. Endocrinol., May 1, 2003; 17(5): 845 - 859.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
B. Farboud, H. Hauksdottir, Y. Wu, and M. L. Privalsky
Isotype-Restricted Corepressor Recruitment: a Constitutively Closed Helix 12 Conformation in Retinoic Acid Receptors {beta} and {gamma} Interferes with Corepressor Recruitment and Prevents Transcriptional Repression
Mol. Cell. Biol., April 15, 2003; 23(8): 2844 - 2858.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
E. K. Keeton and M. Brown
Coregulator Expression and Breast Cancer: Improving the Predictive Power of Estrogen Receptor {alpha}
Clin. Cancer Res., April 1, 2003; 9(4): 1229 - 1230.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
I. Girault, F. Lerebours, S. Amarir, S. Tozlu, M. Tubiana-Hulin, R. Lidereau, and I. Bieche
Expression Analysis of Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Coregulators in Breast Carcinoma: Evidence That NCOR1 Expression Is Predictive of the Response to Tamoxifen
Clin. Cancer Res., April 1, 2003; 9(4): 1259 - 1266.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JNCI J Natl Cancer InstHome page
C. K. Osborne, V. Bardou, T. A. Hopp, G. C. Chamness, S. G. Hilsenbeck, S. A. W. Fuqua, J. Wong, D. C. Allred, G. M. Clark, and R. Schiff
Role of the Estrogen Receptor Coactivator AIB1 (SRC-3) and HER-2/neu in Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer
J Natl Cancer Inst, March 5, 2003; 95(5): 353 - 361.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
S. F. Doisneau-Sixou, P. Cestac, S. Chouini, J. S. Carroll, A. D. Hamilton, S. M. Sebti, M. Poirot, P. Balaguer, J.-C. Faye, R. L. Sutherland, et al.
Contrasting Effects of Prenyltransferase Inhibitors on Estrogen-Dependent Cell Cycle Progression and Estrogen Receptor-Mediated Transcriptional Activity in MCF-7 Cells
Endocrinology, March 1, 2003; 144(3): 989 - 998.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NEJMHome page
B. L. Riggs and L. C. Hartmann
Selective Estrogen-Receptor Modulators -- Mechanisms of Action and Application to Clinical Practice
N. Engl. J. Med., February 13, 2003; 348(7): 618 - 629.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
G. Liao, L.-Y. Chen, A. Zhang, A. Godavarthy, F. Xia, J. C. Ghosh, H. Li, and J. D. Chen
Regulation of Androgen Receptor Activity by the Nuclear Receptor Corepressor SMRT
J. Biol. Chem., February 7, 2003; 278(7): 5052 - 5061.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
R. Schiff, S. Massarweh, J. Shou, and C. K. Osborne
Breast Cancer Endocrine Resistance: How Growth Factor Signaling and Estrogen Receptor Coregulators Modulate Response
Clin. Cancer Res., January 1, 2003; 9(1): 447s - 454s.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
E. Demirpence, A. Semlali, J. Oliva, P. Balaguer, E. Badia, M.-J. Duchesne, J.-C. Nicolas, and M. Pons
An Estrogen-responsive Element-targeted Histone Deacetylase Enzyme Has an Antiestrogen Activity That Differs from That of Hydroxytamoxifen
Cancer Res., November 15, 2002; 62(22): 6519 - 6528.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
A. N. Moraitis, V. Giguere, and C. C. Thompson
Novel Mechanism of Nuclear Receptor Corepressor Interaction Dictated by Activation Function 2 Helix Determinants
Mol. Cell. Biol., October 1, 2002; 22(19): 6831 - 6841.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
Y.-C. Hu, C.-R. Shyr, W. Che, X.-M. Mu, E. Kim, and C. Chang
Suppression of Estrogen Receptor-mediated Transcription and Cell Growth by Interaction with TR2 Orphan Receptor
J. Biol. Chem., September 6, 2002; 277(37): 33571 - 33579.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
A. Takeshita, M. Taguchi, N. Koibuchi, and Y. Ozawa
Putative Role of the Orphan Nuclear Receptor SXR (Steroid and Xenobiotic Receptor) in the Mechanism of CYP3A4 Inhibition by Xenobiotics
J. Biol. Chem., August 30, 2002; 277(36): 32453 - 32458.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
I. Dussault, M. Lin, K. Hollister, M. Fan, J. Termini, M. A. Sherman, and B. M. Forman
A Structural Model of the Constitutive Androstane Receptor Defines Novel Interactions That Mediate Ligand-Independent Activity
Mol. Cell. Biol., August 1, 2002; 22(15): 5270 - 5280.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum Exp ToxicolHome page
J D Tugwood and C T Montague
Biology and toxicology of PPARg ligands
Human and Experimental Toxicology, August 1, 2002; 21(8): 429 - 437.
[Abstract] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Endocrinology Endocrine Reviews J. Clin. End. & Metab.
Molecular Endocrinology Recent Prog. Horm. Res. All Endocrine Journals
Copyright © 1997 by The Endocrine Society