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in the Anterior Pituitary Gland
Howard Hughes Medical Institute (K.M.S., A.S.G., M.G.R.),
Department and School of Medicine, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0648,
Receptor Biology
Section (J.L., K.S.K.), Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental
Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709,
Departments of
Biochemistry and Child Health (D.B.L.), University of Missouri,
Columbia, Missouri 65211
Targeted insertional disruption of the mouse
estrogen receptor-
(ER) gene has provided a genetic model in
which to test hypotheses that estrogens exert important effects in
development and homeostatic functions of the anterior pituitary gland,
particularly in the lactotroph and gonadotroph cell types. Analysis of
ER gene-disrupted mice reveals a marked reduction in PRL mRNA and a
decrease in lactotroph cell number, but normal specification of
lactotroph cell phenotype. Gonadotropin mRNA levels in ER
gene-disrupted female mice are elevated, consistent with previously
described transcriptional suppression of gonadotropin subunit gene
expression in response to sustained administration of estrogen in wild
type mice. These results provide genetic evidence that ER plays a
critical role in PRL and gonadotropin gene transcription and is
involved in lactotroph cell growth, but is not required for
specification of lactotroph cell phenotype.
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F. Demay, M. De Monti, C. Tiffoche, C. Vaillant, and M. L. Thieulant Steroid-Independent Activation of ER by GnRH in Gonadotrope Pituitary Cells Endocrinology, August 1, 2001; 142(8): 3340 - 3347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W. P. Bocchinfuso, J. K. Lindzey, S. C. Hewitt, J. A. Clark, P. H. Myers, R. Cooper, and K. S. Korach Induction of Mammary Gland Development in Estrogen Receptor-{alpha} Knockout Mice Endocrinology, August 1, 2000; 141(8): 2982 - 2994. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Estrogen: Consequences and Implications of Human Mutations in Synthesis and Action J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 1999; 84(12): 4677 - 4694. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. F. Couse, D. O. Bunch, J. Lindzey, D. W. Schomberg, and K. S. Korach Prevention of the Polycystic Ovarian Phenotype and Characterization of Ovulatory Capacity in the Estrogen Receptor-{alpha} Knockout Mouse Endocrinology, December 1, 1999; 140(12): 5855 - 5865. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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R. A. Abbud, R. K. Ameduri, J. S. Rao, T. M. Nett, and J. H. Nilson Chronic Hypersecretion of Luteinizing Hormone in Transgenic Mice Selectively Alters Responsiveness of the {alpha}-Subunit Gene to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Estrogens Mol. Endocrinol., September 1, 1999; 13(9): 1449 - 1459. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. F. Couse and K. S. Korach Estrogen Receptor Null Mice: What Have We Learned and Where Will They Lead Us? Endocr. Rev., June 1, 1999; 20(3): 358 - 417. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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F. Schaufele Regulation of Estrogen Receptor Activation of the Prolactin Enhancer/Promoter by Antagonistic Activation Function-2-Interacting Proteins Mol. Endocrinol., June 1, 1999; 13(6): 935 - 945. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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D. W. Schomberg, J. F. Couse, A. Mukherjee, D. B. Lubahn, M. Sar, K. E. Mayo, and K. S. Korach Targeted Disruption of the Estrogen Receptor-{alpha} Gene in Female Mice: Characterization of Ovarian Responses and Phenotype in the Adult Endocrinology, June 1, 1999; 140(6): 2733 - 2744. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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C. Pasqualini, D. Guivarc’h, Y. v. Boxberg, F. Nothias, J.-D. Vincent, and P. Vernier Stage- and Region-Specific Expression of Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Isoforms during Ontogeny of the Pituitary Gland Endocrinology, June 1, 1999; 140(6): 2781 - 2789. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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D. A. Schreihofer, E. M. Resnick, A. Y. Soh, and M. A. Shupnik Transcriptional Regulation by a Naturally Occurring Truncated Rat Estrogen Receptor (ER), Truncated ER Product-1 (TERP-1) Mol. Endocrinol., February 1, 1999; 13(2): 320 - 329. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. H. Krege, J. B. Hodgin, J. F. Couse, E. Enmark, M. Warner, J. F. Mahler, M. Sar, K. S. Korach, J.-A. Gustafsson, and O. Smithies Generation and reproductive phenotypes of mice lacking estrogen receptor beta PNAS, December 22, 1998; 95(26): 15677 - 15682. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. L. Asa and S. Ezzat The Cytogenesis and Pathogenesis of Pituitary Adenomas Endocr. Rev., December 1, 1998; 19(6): 798 - 827. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. Lindzey, W. C. Wetsel, J. F. Couse, T. Stoker, R. Cooper, and K. S. Korach Effects of Castration and Chronic Steroid Treatments on Hypothalamic Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Content and Pituitary Gonadotropins in Male Wild-Type and Estrogen Receptor-{alpha} Knockout Mice Endocrinology, October 1, 1998; 139(10): 4092 - 4101. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. S. Cooke, D. L. Buchanan, D. B. Lubahn, and G. R. Cunha Mechanism of Estrogen Action: Lessons from the Estrogen Receptor-{alpha} Knockout Mouse Biol Reprod, July 1, 1998; 59(3): 470 - 475. [Full Text]
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S. Misiti, L. Schomburg, P. M. Yen, and W. W. Chin Expression and Hormonal Regulation of Coactivator and Corepressor Genes Endocrinology, May 1, 1998; 139(5): 2493 - 2500. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. F. Couse, J. Lindzey, K. Grandien, J.-A. Gustafsson, and K. S. Korach Tissue Distribution and Quantitative Analysis of Estrogen Receptor-{alpha} (ER{alpha}) and Estrogen Receptor-{beta} (ER{beta}) Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in the Wild-Type and ER{alpha}-Knockout Mouse Endocrinology, November 1, 1997; 138(11): 4613 - 4621. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. T. Preisler-Mashek, N. Solodin, B. L. Stark, M. K. Tyriver, and E. T. Alarid Ligand-specific regulation of proteasome-mediated proteolysis of estrogen receptor-alpha Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, April 1, 2002; 282(4): E891 - E898. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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