This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Copyright Permission Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Pernasetti, F. Articles by Muller, M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Pernasetti, F. Articles by Muller, M.

Thyroid Hormone Inhibits the Human Prolactin Gene Promoter by Interfering with Activating Protein-1 and Estrogen Stimulations

Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génie Génétique, Université de Liège, Institut de Chimie B6, B-4000 Sart Tilman, Belgium

Transcription of the human PRL (hPRL) gene in the pituitary is subject to tissue-specific and multihormonal regulation involving two main regulatory regions, a proximal promoter and a distal enhancer.

In this report we show that thyroid hormone inhibits the expression of the hPRL gene in rat pituitary cells. Transient expression experiments show that thyroid hormone regulation involves a strong inhibitory element, located in the proximal (-164/-35) promoter, which is modulated by a more distal stimulatory response control region. Gel retardation experiments reveal that the thyroid hormone receptor does not bind to the proximal negative element.

We show the existence of an activating protein-1 (AP-1) response element located at positions -61 to -54 of the proximal promoter, conferring AP-1 stimulation to the hPRL promoter. This AP-1 induction is abolished when hormone-bound thyroid hormone receptor is present, indicating that there is an interference between the thyroid hormone receptor and AP-1 regulatory pathways.

Furthermore, using the complete hPRL upstream region, we show that estrogen induction is abolished by simultaneous thyroid hormone treatment.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				K. Nagayama, S. Sasaki, A. Matsushita, K. Ohba, H. Iwaki, H. Matsunaga, S. Suzuki, H. Misawa, K. Ishizuka, Y. Oki, et al. Inhibition of GATA2-dependent transactivation of the TSH{beta} gene by ligand-bound estrogen receptor {alpha} J. Endocrinol., October 1, 2008; 199(1): 113 - 125. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. I. Castillo, R. Sanchez-Martinez, J. L. Moreno, O. A. Martinez-Iglesias, D. Palacios, and A. Aranda A Permissive Retinoid X Receptor/Thyroid Hormone Receptor Heterodimer Allows Stimulation of Prolactin Gene Transcription by Thyroid Hormone and 9-cis-Retinoic Acid Mol. Cell. Biol., January 15, 2004; 24(2): 502 - 513. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M.-H. Quentien, I. Manfroid, D. Moncet, G. Gunz, M. Muller, M. Grino, A. Enjalbert, and I. Pellegrini Pitx Factors Are Involved in Basal and Hormone-regulated Activity of the Human Prolactin Promoter J. Biol. Chem., November 8, 2002; 277(46): 44408 - 44416. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Fitts, R. M. Klein, and C. A. Powers Estrogen and Tamoxifen Interplay with T3 in Male Rats: Pharmacologically Distinct Classes of Estrogen Responses Affecting Growth, Bone, and Lipid Metabolism, and Their Relation to Serum GH and IGF-I Endocrinology, October 1, 2001; 142(10): 4223 - 4235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. W. McFerran, J. A. Stirland, A. J. Norris, R. A. Khan, N. Takasuka, Z. C. Seymour, M. S. Gill, W. R. Robertson, A. S. I. Loudon, J. R. E. Davis, et al. Persistent Synchronized Oscillations in Prolactin Gene Promoter Activity in Living Pituitary Cells Endocrinology, July 1, 2001; 142(7): 3255 - 3260. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Manfroid, J. A. Martial, and M. Muller Inhibition of Protein Phosphatase PP1 in GH3B6, but Not in GH3 Cells, Activates the MEK/ERK/c-fos Pathway and the Human Prolactin Promoter, Involving the Coactivator CBP/p300 Mol. Endocrinol., April 1, 2001; 15(4): 625 - 637. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				K. Busch, B. Martin, A. Baniahmad, J. A. Martial, R. Renkawitz, and M. Muller Silencing Subdomains of v-ErbA Interact Cooperatively with Corepressors: Involvement of Helices 5/6 Mol. Endocrinol., February 1, 2000; 14(2): 201 - 211. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				R. C. Pereira, V. Jorgetti, and E. Canalis Triiodothyronine induces collagenase-3 and gelatinase B expression in murine osteoblasts Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, September 1, 1999; 277(3): E496 - E504. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Tagami, Y. Park, and J. L. Jameson Mechanisms That Mediate Negative Regulation of the Thyroid-stimulating Hormone alpha Gene by the Thyroid Hormone Receptor J. Biol. Chem., August 6, 1999; 274(32): 22345 - 22353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Caccavelli, I. Manfroid, J. A. Martial, and M. Muller Transcription Factor AP1 Is Involved in Basal and Okadaic Acid-Stimulated Activity of the Human PRL Promoter Mol. Endocrinol., August 1, 1998; 12(8): 1215 - 1227. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. M. Fitts, R. M. Klein, and C. A. Powers Comparison of Tamoxifen Effects on the Actions of Triiodothyronine or Growth Hormone in the Ovariectomized-Hypothyroid Rat J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., July 1, 1998; 286(1): 392 - 402. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				S. Misiti, L. Schomburg, P. M. Yen, and W. W. Chin Expression and Hormonal Regulation of Coactivator and Corepressor Genes Endocrinology, May 1, 1998; 139(5): 2493 - 2500. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]