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Gene Are Generated by Alternative Splicing and Promoter Usage
European Molecular Biology Laboratory (G.F., V.S-B., F.G.)
D-69117, Heidelberg, Germany
National Diagnostic
Centre (C.G., M.K.) University College Galway,
Ireland
The isolation and characterization of several new
human estrogen receptor-
(hER) mRNAs are described. Together with
those previously identified, they give rise to a total of six hER
mRNA isoforms (A–F hER mRNAs). Produced from a single hER gene
by multiple promoter usage, all these transcripts encode a common
protein but differ in their 5'-untranslated region as a consequence of
alternative splicing of five upstream exons (1B–1F). RT-PCR and S1
nuclease mapping analysis of these different hER mRNA isoforms
revealed a differential pattern of expression of the hER gene in
human tissues and cell types. The A hER mRNA is the main isoform
detected in mammary glands or in the tumor cell lines derived from this
tissue. In endometrium, the predominant forms are the A and C hER
mRNA isoforms, whereas the C and F hER mRNA isoforms are the major
forms detected in ovary. Finally, high levels of the E hER mRNA
isoform are restricted to the liver with an increased expression in
females. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the hER gene
is a complex genomic unit exhibiting alternative splicing and promoter
usage in a tissue-specific manner.
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