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Biocenter Oulu and World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research on Reproductive Health University of Oulu FIN-90220 Oulu, Finland
17ß-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases/17-ketosteroid reductases (17HSDs) modulate the biological activity of certain estrogens and androgens by catalyzing reductase or dehydrogenase reactions between 17-keto- and 17ß-hydroxysteroids. In the present study, we demonstrate expression cloning of a novel type of 17HSD, chronologically named 17HSD type 7, from the HC11 cell line derived from mouse mammary gland. The cloned cDNA, 1.7 kb in size, encodes a protein of 334 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 37,317 Da. The primary structure contains segments characteristic of enzymes belonging to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily. Strikingly, mouse 17HSD type 7 (m17HSD7) shows 89% identity with a recently cloned rat protein called PRL receptor-associated protein (PRAP). The function of PRAP has not yet been demonstrated.
The enzymatic characteristics of m17HSD7 and RT-PCR-cloned rat PRAP
(rPRAP) were analyzed in cultured HEK-293 cells, where both of the
enzymes efficiently catalyzed conversion of estrone
(E1) to estradiol (E2).
With other substrates tested no detectable 17HSD or
20
-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities were found. Kinetic
parameters for m17HSD7 further indicate that E1
is a preferred substrate for this enzyme. Relative catalytic
efficiencies (Vmax/Km
values) for E1 and E2
are 244 and 48, respectively. As it is the case with rPRAP, m17HSD7 is
most abundantly expressed in the ovaries of pregnant animals. Further
studies show that the rat enzyme is primarily expressed in the middle
and second half of pregnancy, in parallel with
E2 secretion from the corpus luteum. The mRNA
for m17HSD7 is also apparent in the placenta, and a slight signal for
m17HSD7 is found in the ovaries of adult nonpregnant mice, in the
mammary gland, liver, kidney, and testis.
Altogether, because of their similar primary structures, enzymatic characteristics, and the tissue distribution of m17HSD7 and rPRAP, we suggest that rPRAP is rat 17HSD type 7. Furthermore, the results indicate that 17HSD7 is an enzyme of E2 biosynthesis, which is predominantly expressed in the corpus luteum of the pregnant animal.
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