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Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
We have used the yeast two-hybrid system to
localize the ligand-dependent dimerization domain of the estrogen
receptor-
(ER) to region E in vivo. In this system, the
cDNAs corresponding to the AD, E, E/F, AE (
F), and full-length
(wtER) domains of the human ER were each cloned into the yeast
two-hybrid vectors GAL4 DB and GAL4 TA and expressed in different
combinations in yeast harboring a GAL1-lacZ reporter. The reporter was
used as a relative measure of the interaction between the ER domains,
through reconstitution of GAL4 activity. We found that the interaction
of E or E/F domains of the ER with full-length ER is estradiol
dependent and estrogen responsive element independent, as
measured by the reconstitution of GAL4 activity from GAL4-E
domain-containing fusion protein interactions. In the presence of F
domain, this activity is reduced 10-fold. The results suggest that
sequences in the F domain are inhibitory to the dimerization signal
that is present in the E region. We propose that the full-length ER
contains intrinsic dimerization restraints contributed by regions
outside domain E that are released upon binding hormone agonist. In
addition, we have demonstrated that coactivator RIP140 is able to
interact with the ER in vivo at the E domain of the
receptor in the presence of estrogen. Yeast two-hybrid analysis shows
that RIP140 does not homodimerize in the presence or absence of
estrogens. We present evidence showing that the ER has the inherent
ability to interact with RIP140 in the presence of antiestrogens, but
sequences inherent in the ER itself that are present outside of the E
domain compromise this ability.
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