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Metabolic Research Unit and Department of Medicine (F.S., W.L.,
J.D.B.) University of California San Francisco,
California 94143
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer
Biology (C.-y.C., D.P.M.) Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina 27710
Department of
Pathology and Program in Molecular Biology (S.K.N., Y.W.)
University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Denver,
Colorado 80262 Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology
(R.N.D.) National Science Foundation Center for Biological
Timing University of Virginia Health Sciences Center
Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908
Ligand binding to estrogen receptor (ER) is
presumed to regulate the type and timing of ER interactions with
different cofactors. Using fluorescence microscopy in living cells, we
characterized the recruitment of five different green fluorescent
protein (GFP)-labeled ER-interacting peptides to the distinct
subnuclear compartment occupied by blue fluorescent protein
(BFP)-labeled ER
. Different ligands promoted the recruitment of
different peptides. One peptide was recruited in response to estradiol
(E2), tamoxifen, raloxifene, or ICI 182,780
incubation whereas other peptides were recruited specifically by
E2 or tamoxifen. Peptides containing different
sequences surrounding the ER-interacting motif LXXLL were recruited
with different time courses after E2 addition.
Complex temporal kinetics also were observed for recruitment of the
full-length, ER cofactor glucocorticoid receptor-interacting protein 1
(GRIP1); rapid, E2-dependent recruitment of
GRIP1 was blocked by mutation of the GRIP1 LXXLL motifs to LXXAA
whereas slower E2 recruitment persisted for the
GRIP1 LXXAA mutant. This suggested the presence of multiple, temporally
distinct GRIP 1 recruitment mechanisms. E2
recruitment of GRIP1 and LXXLL peptides was blocked by coincubation
with excess ICI 182,780. In contrast, preformed
E2/ER/GRIP1 and
E2/ER/LXXLL complexes were resistant to
subsequent ICI 182,780 addition whereas ICI 182,780 dispersed preformed
complexes containing the GRIP1 LXXAA mutant. This suggested that
E2-induced LXXLL binding altered subsequent
ligand/ER interactions. Thus, alternative, ligand-selective recruitment
and dissociation mechanisms with distinct temporal sequences are
available for ER
action in vivo.
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