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Department of Physiology and Biophysics College of Medicine University of Illinois Chicago, Illinois 60612
The cells forming the rat decidua produce PRL and
PRL-related proteins and express both the long and short forms of the
PRL receptor. Yet, only a defined subpopulation, the mesometrial cells,
express the PRL-dependent 
2-macroglobulin
gene. This gene is silenced in vivo in the antimesometrial
cells and in the GG-AD cell line, derived from antimesometrial cells.
To examine whether the lack of
2-macroglobulin expression is due to
defective components in the PRL signaling pathway, we compared the
relative expression of Janus kinase 2 (Jak2), signal transducer and
activator of transcription 5 a and b (Stat5 a and b), suppressor
of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1), and the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2
mRNA in mesometrial and antimesometrial decidua on days 12 and 13 of
pseudopregnancy, the time of maximal
2-macroglobulin expression. We found no
significant differences in the relative expression of either Jak2,
Stat5 (a and b), or SHP-2 in the two cell populations. However, we
discovered a profound difference in the expression of SOCS-1, an
inhibitor of the Jak/Stat pathway. This gene was highly expressed in
the antimesometrial cells and in the GG-AD cells, which do not produce
2-macroglobulin. Immunoprecipitation
experiments with GG-AD cells revealed that although Jak2 and Stat5
coprecipitate in response to PRL stimulation, no phosphorylation of
Jak2 and Stat5 could be observed. To examine whether SOCS-1 plays a
role in silencing the 2-macroglobulin gene,
we cultured GG-AD cells in the presence of either a SOCS-1 antisense
oligonucleotide or an irrelevant oligonucleotide for 4, 12, and 28
h. Cells were also treated with PRL. Within 4 h of SOCS-1
antisense treatment, 2-macroglobulin mRNA
expression was initiated. After 28 h, only cells treated with PRL
and SOCS-1 antisense oligonucleotide retained the ability to express
the 2-macroglobulin gene. In summary,
results of this study reveal that constitutive expression of SOCS-1 can
prevent PRL signaling and that the lack of PRL-induced expression of
2-macroglobulin in a defined decidual cell
population is largely due to SOCS-1 expression in these cells.
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