This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Copyright Permission Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Schaufele, F. Articles by Day, R. N. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Schaufele, F. Articles by Day, R. N. Pubmed/NCBI databases Substance via MeSH

CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein Assembles Essential Cooperating Factors in Common Subnuclear Domains

Metabolic Research Unit and Department of Medicine (F.S., X.W., C.T., R.S.), University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0540; Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology (J.F.E., R.N.D.), National Science Foundation Center for Biological Timing, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908; and Department of Physiology (R.E., O.A.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Fred Schaufele, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0540. E-mail: freds{at}metabolic.ucsf.edu

The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) is the DNA binding subunit of a multiprotein complex that regulates the pituitary-specific GH promoter. C/EBP is absent from the GHFT1–5 pituitary progenitor cell line in which ectopic C/EBP expression leads to activation of the otherwise dormant GH promoter. Transcriptional regulatory complexes are commonly envisaged as assembling from components that evenly diffuse throughout the nucleoplasm. We show that C/EBP, expressed in GHFT1–5 cells as a fusion with color variants of the green fluorescent protein (GFP), concentrated specifically at peri-centromeric chromosomal domains. Although we found the CREB-binding protein (CBP) to activate C/EBP-dependent transcription, CBP was absent from the pericentromeric chromatin. C/EBP expression was accompanied by the translocation of endogenous and ectopically expressed CBP to pericentromeric chromatin. The intranuclear recruitment of CBP required the transcriptional activation domains of C/EBP. C/EBP also caused GFP-tagged TATA binding protein (TBP) to relocate to the Hoechst-stained domains. The altered intranuclear distribution of critical coregulatory factors defines complexes formed upon C/EBP expression. It also identifies an organizational activity, which we label "intranuclear marshaling," that may regulate gene expression by determining the cooperative and antagonistic interactions available at specific nuclear sites.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				X. Liu, B. Wu, J. Szary, E. M. Kofoed, and F. Schaufele Functional Sequestration of Transcription Factor Activity by Repetitive DNA J. Biol. Chem., July 20, 2007; 282(29): 20868 - 20876. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. A. Demarco, T. C. Voss, C. F. Booker, and R. N. Day Dynamic Interactions between Pit-1 and C/EBP{alpha} in the Pituitary Cell Nucleus Mol. Cell. Biol., November 1, 2006; 26(21): 8087 - 8098. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. C. Voss, I. A. Demarco, C. F. Booker, and R. N. Day Functional interactions with Pit-1 reorganize co-repressor complexes in the living cell nucleus J. Cell Sci., August 1, 2005; 118(15): 3277 - 3288. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. N. Day and F. Schaufele Imaging Molecular Interactions in Living Cells Mol. Endocrinol., July 1, 2005; 19(7): 1675 - 1686. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. D. Phair, P. Scaffidi, C. Elbi, J. Vecerova, A. Dey, K. Ozato, D. T. Brown, G. Hager, M. Bustin, and T. Misteli Global Nature of Dynamic Protein-Chromatin Interactions In Vivo: Three-Dimensional Genome Scanning and Dynamic Interaction Networks of Chromatin Proteins Mol. Cell. Biol., July 15, 2004; 24(14): 6393 - 6402. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. E. Black, M. J. Vitto, D. Gioeli, A. Spencer, N. Afshar, M. R. Conaway, M. J. Weber, and B. M. Paschal Transient, Ligand-Dependent Arrest of the Androgen Receptor in Subnuclear Foci Alters Phosphorylation and Coactivator Interactions Mol. Endocrinol., April 1, 2004; 18(4): 834 - 850. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. A. Kovacs, M. Steinmann, P. J. Magistretti, O. Halfon, and J.-R. Cardinaux CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Protein Family Members Recruit the Coactivator CREB-binding Protein and Trigger Its Phosphorylation J. Biol. Chem., September 19, 2003; 278(38): 36959 - 36965. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. P. Pilipuk, M. D. Galigniana, and J. Schwartz Subnuclear Localization of C/EBP{beta} Is Regulated by Growth Hormone and Dependent on MAPK J. Biol. Chem., September 12, 2003; 278(37): 35668 - 35677. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. A. Kennell, E. E. O'Leary, B. M. Gummow, G. D. Hammer, and O. A. MacDougald T-Cell Factor 4N (TCF-4N), a Novel Isoform of Mouse TCF-4, Synergizes with {beta}-Catenin To Coactivate C/EBP{alpha} and Steroidogenic Factor 1 Transcription Factors Mol. Cell. Biol., August 1, 2003; 23(15): 5366 - 5375. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Schaufele, X. Wang, X. Liu, and R. N. Day Conformation of CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Protein alpha Dimers Varies with Intranuclear Location in Living Cells J. Biol. Chem., March 14, 2003; 278(12): 10578 - 10587. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. N. Day, T. C. Voss, J. F. Enwright III, C. F. Booker, A. Periasamy, and F. Schaufele Imaging the Localized Protein Interactions Between Pit-1 and the CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein {alpha} in the Living Pituitary Cell Nucleus Mol. Endocrinol., March 1, 2003; 17(3): 333 - 345. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. F. Enwright III, M. A. Kawecki-Crook, T. C. Voss, F. Schaufele, and R. N. Day A PIT-1 Homeodomain Mutant Blocks the Intranuclear Recruitment Of the CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein {alpha} Required for Prolactin Gene Transcription Mol. Endocrinol., February 1, 2003; 17(2): 209 - 222. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Kim, C. A. Cantwell, P. F. Johnson, C. M. Pfarr, and S. C. Williams Transcriptional Activity of CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Proteins Is Controlled by a Conserved Inhibitory Domain That Is a Target for Sumoylation J. Biol. Chem., October 4, 2002; 277(41): 38037 - 38044. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. L. Ruas, L. Poellinger, and T. Pereira Functional Analysis of Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1alpha -mediated Transactivation. IDENTIFICATION OF AMINO ACID RESIDUES CRITICAL FOR TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION AND/OR INTERACTION WITH CREB-BINDING PROTEIN J. Biol. Chem., October 4, 2002; 277(41): 38723 - 38730. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Li, T. L. Zimmerman, S. Thevananther, H.-Y. Lee, J. M. Kurie, and S. J. Karpen Interleukin-1beta -mediated Suppression of RXR:RAR Transactivation of the Ntcp Promoter Is JNK-dependent J. Biol. Chem., August 23, 2002; 277(35): 31416 - 31422. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W.-H. Zhang, R. Srihari, R. N. Day, and F. Schaufele CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Protein alpha Alters Histone H3 Acetylation at Large Subnuclear Domains J. Biol. Chem., October 26, 2001; 276(44): 40373 - 40376. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]