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Center for Ligand and Transcription (S.-K.L., S.-Y.J., Y.-S.K., S.Y.N. Y.C.L., J.W.L.) Department of Biology (S.-K.L.,, S.-Y.N.) and Hormone Research Center (Y.C.L., J.W.L.) Chonnam National University Kwangju 500757, Korea
ASC-2 is a recently isolated transcriptional
cointegrator molecule, which is amplified in human cancers and
stimulates transactivation by nuclear receptors, AP-1, nuclear factor
B (NF
B), serum response factor (SRF), and numerous other
transcription factors. ASC-2 contained two nuclear receptor-interaction
domains, both of which are dependent on the integrity of their core
LXXLL sequences. Surprisingly, the C-terminal LXXLL motif specifically
interacted with oxysterol receptor LXRß, whereas the N-terminal motif
bound a broad range of nuclear receptors. These interactions appeared
to be essential because a specific subregion of ASC-2 including the N-
or C-terminal LXXLL motif acted as a potent dominant negative mutant
with transactivation by appropriate nuclear receptors. In addition, the
autonomous transactivation domain (AD) of ASC-2 was found to consist of
three separable subregions; i.e. AD1, AD2, and AD3. In
particular, AD2 and AD3 were binding sites for CREB binding protein
(CBP), and CBP-neutralizing E1A repressed the autonomous
transactivation function of ASC-2. Furthermore, the receptor
transactivation was not enhanced by ASC-2 in the presence of E1A and
significantly impaired by overexpressed AD2. From these results, we
concluded that ASC-2 directly binds to nuclear receptors and
recruits CBP to mediate the nuclear receptor transactivation in
vivo.
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