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Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (J.R.W., M.A.L., A.M.N.) Department of Biochemistry (V.S.L.) University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois 61801
Estrogen-regulated gene expression is dependent on interaction of the estrogen receptor (ER) with the estrogen response element (ERE). We assessed the ability of the ER to activate transcription of reporter plasmids containing either the consensus vitellogenin A2 ERE or the imperfect pS2, vitellogenin B1, or oxytocin (OT) ERE. The A2 ERE was the most potent activator of transcription. The OT ERE was significantly more effective in activating transcription than either the pS2 or B1 ERE. In deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) footprinting experiments, MCF-7 proteins protected A2 and OT EREs more effectively than the pS2 and B1 EREs. Limited protease digestion of the A2, pS2, B1, or OT ERE-bound receptor with V8 protease or proteinase K produced distinct cleavage products demonstrating that individual ERE sequences induce specific changes in ER conformation. Receptor interaction domains of glucocorticoid receptor interacting protein 1 and steroid receptor coactivator 1 bound effectively to the A2, pS2, B1, and OT ERE-bound receptor and significantly stabilized the receptor-DNA interaction. Similar levels of the full-length p160 protein amplified in breast cancer 1 were recruited from HeLa nuclear extracts by the A2, pS2, B1, and OT ERE-bound receptors. In contrast, significantly less transcriptional intermediary factor 2 was recruited by the B1 ERE-bound receptor than by the A2 ERE-bound receptor. These studies suggest that allosteric modulation of ER conformation by individual ERE sequences influences the recruitment of specific coactivator proteins and leads to differential expression of genes containing divergent ERE sequences.
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V. B. Bajic, S. L. Tan, A. Chong, S. Tang, A. Strom, J.-A. Gustafsson, C.-Y. Lin, and E. T. Liu Dragon ERE Finder version 2: a tool for accurate detection and analysis of estrogen response elements in vertebrate genomes Nucleic Acids Res., July 1, 2003; 31(13): 3605 - 3607. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. A. Loven, N. Muster, J. R. Yates, and A. M. Nardulli A Novel Estrogen Receptor {alpha}-Associated Protein, Template-Activating Factor I{beta}, Inhibits Acetylation and Transactivation Mol. Endocrinol., January 1, 2003; 17(1): 67 - 78. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J. M. Hall and K. S. Korach Analysis of the Molecular Mechanisms of Human Estrogen Receptors alpha and beta Reveals Differential Specificity in Target Promoter Regulation by Xenoestrogens J. Biol. Chem., November 8, 2002; 277(46): 44455 - 44461. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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T. Barkhem, L.-A. Haldosen, J.-A. Gustafsson, and S. Nilsson Transcriptional Synergism on the pS2 Gene Promoter between a p160 Coactivator and Estrogen Receptor-{alpha} Depends on the Coactivator Subtype, the Type of Estrogen Response Element, and the Promoter Context Mol. Endocrinol., November 1, 2002; 16(11): 2571 - 2581. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J. M. Huss, R. P. Kopp, and D. P. Kelly Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha ) Coactivates the Cardiac-enriched Nuclear Receptors Estrogen-related Receptor-alpha and -gamma . IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL LEUCINE-RICH INTERACTION MOTIF WITHIN PGC-1alpha J. Biol. Chem., October 18, 2002; 277(43): 40265 - 40274. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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N. Vasudevan, S. Ogawa, and D. Pfaff Estrogen and Thyroid Hormone Receptor Interactions: Physiological Flexibility by Molecular Specificity Physiol Rev, October 1, 2002; 82(4): 923 - 944. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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A. Takeshita, M. Taguchi, N. Koibuchi, and Y. Ozawa Putative Role of the Orphan Nuclear Receptor SXR (Steroid and Xenobiotic Receptor) in the Mechanism of CYP3A4 Inhibition by Xenobiotics J. Biol. Chem., August 30, 2002; 277(36): 32453 - 32458. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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G. Min, J. K. Kemper, and B. Kemper Glucocorticoid Receptor-interacting Protein 1 Mediates Ligand-independent Nuclear Translocation and Activation of Constitutive Androstane Receptor in Vivo J. Biol. Chem., July 12, 2002; 277(29): 26356 - 26363. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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P. Yi, M. D. Driscoll, J. Huang, S. Bhagat, R. Hilf, R. A. Bambara, and M. Muyan The Effects of Estrogen-Responsive Element- and Ligand-Induced Structural Changes on the Recruitment of Cofactors and Transcriptional Responses by ER{alpha} and ER{beta} Mol. Endocrinol., April 1, 2002; 16(4): 674 - 693. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J. M. Hall, D. P. McDonnell, and K. S. Korach Allosteric Regulation of Estrogen Receptor Structure, Function, and Coactivator Recruitment by Different Estrogen Response Elements Mol. Endocrinol., March 1, 2002; 16(3): 469 - 486. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J. R. Schultz, M. A. Loven, V. M. S. Melvin, D. P. Edwards, and A. M. Nardulli Differential Modulation of DNA Conformation by Estrogen Receptors alpha and beta J. Biol. Chem., March 1, 2002; 277(10): 8702 - 8707. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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I. T. R. Cavarretta, R. Mukopadhyay, D. M. Lonard, L. M. Cowsert, C. F. Bennett, B. W. O'Malley, and C. L. Smith Reduction of Coactivator Expression by Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides Inhibits ER{alpha} Transcriptional Activity and MCF-7 Proliferation Mol. Endocrinol., February 1, 2002; 16(2): 253 - 270. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. Sanyal, J.-Y. Kim, H.-J. Kim, J. Takeda, Y.-K. Lee, D. D. Moore, and H.-S. Choi Differential Regulation of the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Small Heterodimer Partner (SHP) Gene Promoter by Orphan Nuclear Receptor ERR Isoforms J. Biol. Chem., January 11, 2002; 277(3): 1739 - 1748. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. A. Loven, V. S. Likhite, I. Choi, and A. M. Nardulli Estrogen Response Elements Alter Coactivator Recruitment through Allosteric Modulation of Estrogen Receptor beta Conformation J. Biol. Chem., November 21, 2001; 276(48): 45282 - 45288. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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