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Molecular Endocrinology 16 (1): 100-115
Copyright © 2002 by The Endocrine Society

ERs Associate with and Regulate the Production of Caveolin: Implications for Signaling and Cellular Actions

Mahnaz Razandi, Philip Oh, Ali Pedram, Jan Schnitzer and Ellis R. Levin

Division of Endocrinology (E.R.L.), VA Medical Center, Long Beach, Long Beach, California 90822; Departments of Medicine (M.R., A.P., E.R.L.) and Pharmacology (E.R.L.), University of California, Irvine, California 92717; and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center (P.O., J.S.), La Jolla, California 92121

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. Ellis R. Levin, Medical Service (111-1), Long Beach VA Medical Center, 5901 East Seventh Street, Long Beach, California 90822. E-mail: ellis.levin{at}med.va.gov

Recent evidence supports the existence of a plasma membrane ER. In many cells, E2 activates signal transduction and cell proliferation, but the steroid inhibits signaling and growth in other cells. These effects may be related to interactions of ER with signal-modulating proteins in the membrane. It is also unclear how ER moves to the membrane. Here, we demonstrate ER in purified vesicles from endothelial cell plasma membranes and colocalization of ER{alpha} with the caveolae structural coat protein, caveolin-1. In human vascular smooth muscle or MCF-7 (human breast cancer) cell membranes, coimmunoprecipitation shows that ER associates with caveolin-1 and -2. Importantly, E2 rapidly and differentially stimulates ER-caveolin association in vascular smooth muscle cells but inhibits association in MCF-7 cells. E2 also stimulates caveolin-1 and -2 protein synthesis and activates a caveolin-1 promoter/luciferase reporter in smooth muscle cells. However, the steroid inhibits caveolin synthesis in MCF-7 cells. To determine a function for caveolin-ER interaction, we expressed caveolin-1 in MCF-7 cells. This stimulated ER translocation to the plasma membrane and also inhibited E2-induced ERK (MAPK) activation. Both functions required the caveolin-1 scaffolding domain. Depending upon the target cell, membrane ERs differentially associate with caveolin, and E2 differentially modulates the synthesis of this signaling-inhibitory scaffold protein. This may explain the discordant signaling and actions of E2 in various cell types. In addition, caveolin-1 is capable of facilitating ER translocation to the membrane.




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M. Razandi, G. Alton, A. Pedram, S. Ghonshani, P. Webb, and E. R. Levin
Identification of a Structural Determinant Necessary for the Localization and Function of Estrogen Receptor {alpha} at the Plasma Membrane
Mol. Cell. Biol., March 1, 2003; 23(5): 1633 - 1646.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
E. R. Levin
Bidirectional Signaling between the Estrogen Receptor and the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
Mol. Endocrinol., March 1, 2003; 17(3): 309 - 317.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. Czarny, J. Liu, P. Oh, and J. E. Schnitzer
Transient Mechanoactivation of Neutral Sphingomyelinase in Caveolae to Generate Ceramide
J. Biol. Chem., February 7, 2003; 278(7): 4424 - 4430.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Mol. Interv.Home page
D. P. Edwards and V. Boonyaratanakornkit
Rapid Extranuclear Signaling by the Estrogen Receptor (ER): MNAR Couples ER and Src to the MAP Kinase Signaling Pathway
Mol. Interv., February 1, 2003; 3(1): 12 - 15.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. Razandi, A. Pedram, S. T. Park, and E. R. Levin
Proximal Events in Signaling by Plasma Membrane Estrogen Receptors
J. Biol. Chem., January 17, 2003; 278(4): 2701 - 2712.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 FASEB J.Home page
C. H. CAMPBELL, N. BULAYEVA, D. B. BROWN, B. GAMETCHU, and C. S. WATSON
Regulation of the membrane estrogen receptor-{alpha}: role of cell density, serum, cell passage number, and estradiol
FASEB J, December 1, 2002; 16(14): 1917 - 1927.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
J. Zschocke, D. Manthey, N. Bayatti, B. van der Burg, S. Goodenough, and C. Behl
Estrogen Receptor alpha -mediated Silencing of Caveolin Gene Expression in Neuronal Cells
J. Biol. Chem., October 4, 2002; 277(41): 38772 - 38780.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Neurosci.Home page
C. D. Toran-Allerand, X. Guan, N. J. MacLusky, T. L. Horvath, S. Diano, M. Singh, E. S. Connolly Jr, I. S. Nethrapalli, and A. A. Tinnikov
ER-X: A Novel, Plasma Membrane-Associated, Putative Estrogen Receptor That Is Regulated during Development and after Ischemic Brain Injury
J. Neurosci., October 1, 2002; 22(19): 8391 - 8401.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Sci SignalHome page
A. C. B. Cato, A. Nestl, and S. Mink
Rapid Actions of Steroid Receptors in Cellular Signaling Pathways
Sci. Signal., June 25, 2002; 2002(138): re9 - re9.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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