| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
Department of Cancer Biology (S.R.M., J.L.H., C.M.D., S.E.M., E.A.K., S.I.H., J.D.C., G.K.B., L.A.C.); Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (L.A.C.); Department of Medicine (L.A.C.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. Lewis Chodosh, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 612 Biomedical Research Building II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160. E-mail: chodosh{at}mail.med.upenn.edu.
ABSTRACT
The use of DNA microarrays to study vertebrate organogenesis presents unique analytical challenges compared with expression profiling of homogeneous cell populations. We have used a general approach that permits the automated, unbiased identification of biologically relevant patterns of gene expression to study murine mammary gland development. Our studies confirm the utility of this approach by demonstrating the ready identification of cellular processes and pathways of known functional importance in mammary development. Additionally, this approach permitted the identification of genetic pathways with unpredicted patterns of developmental regulation, including those involved in angiogenesis, extracellular matrix synthesis, and the β-oxidation of fatty acids. Surprisingly, our findings demonstrate that the coordinate regulation of genes involved in the β-oxidation of fatty acids reflects the presence of an abundant, yet previously unrecognized stromal compartment within the mammary gland that is composed of brown adipose tissue. Our data demonstrate that the amount of brown adipose tissue present in the mammary gland is developmentally regulated; that PPAR
, Ucp1, and genes involved in fatty acid oxidation are spatially and temporally coregulated during development; that the mammary gland plays a functional role in adaptive thermogenesis; and that the transcriptional control of this adaptive response to cold is itself developmentally regulated.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  J. J. Loor and W. S. Cohick ASAS Centennial Paper: Lactation biology for the twenty-first century J Anim Sci, February 1, 2009; 87(2): 813 - 824. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. R. Andrechek, S. Mori, R. E. Rempel, J. T. Chang, and J. R. Nevins Patterns of cell signaling pathway activation that characterize mammary development Development, July 15, 2008; 135(14): 2403 - 2413. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Singh, S. R. Davis, J. M. Dobson, A. J. Molenaar, T. T. Wheeler, C. G. Prosser, V. C. Farr, K. Oden, K. M. Swanson, C. V. C. Phyn, et al. cDNA Microarray Analysis Reveals that Antioxidant and Immune Genes Are Upregulated During Involution of the Bovine Mammary Gland J Dairy Sci, June 1, 2008; 91(6): 2236 - 2246. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. J. LeBaron, T. J. Ahonen, M. T. Nevalainen, and H. Rui In Vivo Response-Based Identification of Direct Hormone Target Cell Populations Using High-Density Tissue Arrays Endocrinology, March 1, 2007; 148(3): 989 - 1008. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Xue, J.-S. Rim, J. C. Hogan, A. A. Coulter, R. A. Koza, and L. P. Kozak Genetic variability affects the development of brown adipocytes in white fat but not in interscapular brown fat J. Lipid Res., January 1, 2007; 48(1): 41 - 51. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Lomax, F. Sadiq, G. Karamanlidis, A. Karamitri, P. Trayhurn, and D. G. Hazlerigg Ontogenic Loss of Brown Adipose Tissue Sensitivity to {beta}-Adrenergic Stimulation in the Ovine Endocrinology, January 1, 2007; 148(1): 461 - 468. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Sakamaki, M. C. Casimiro, X. Ju, A. A. Quong, S. Katiyar, M. Liu, X. Jiao, A. Li, X. Zhang, Y. Lu, et al. Cyclin d1 determines mitochondrial function in vivo. Mol. Cell. Biol., July 1, 2006; 26(14): 5449 - 5469. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Mikaelian, M. Hovick, K. A. Silva, L. M. Burzenski, L. D. Shultz, C. L. Ackert-Bicknell, G. A. Cox, and J. P. Sundberg Expression of Terminal Differentiation Proteins Defines Stages of Mouse Mammary Gland Development Vet. Pathol., January 1, 2006; 43(1): 36 - 49. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Blakely, L. Sintasath, C. M. D'Cruz, K. T. Hahn, K. D. Dugan, G. K. Belka, and L. A. Chodosh Developmental stage determines the effects of MYC in the mammary epithelium Development, March 1, 2005; 132(5): 1147 - 1160. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. K. Lin, D. Chudova, G. W. Hatfield, P. Smyth, and B. Andersen Identification of hair cycle-associated genes from time-course gene expression profile data by using replicate variance PNAS, November 9, 2004; 101(45): 15955 - 15960. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Wu, Y. Yang, C. Wang, M. A. Davoli, M. D'Amico, A. Li, K. Cveklova, Z. Kozmik, M. P. Lisanti, R. G. Russell, et al. DACH1 Inhibits Transforming Growth Factor-{beta} Signaling through Binding Smad4 J. Biol. Chem., December 19, 2003; 278(51): 51673 - 51684. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. L. Hadsell, S. Bonnette, J. George, D. Torres, Y. Klementidis, S. Gao, P. M. Haney, J. Summy-Long, M. S. Soloff, A. F. Parlow, et al. Diminished Milk Synthesis in Upstream Stimulatory Factor 2 Null Mice Is Associated With Decreased Circulating Oxytocin and Decreased Mammary Gland Expression of Eukaryotic Initiation Factors 4E and 4G Mol. Endocrinol., November 1, 2003; 17(11): 2251 - 2267. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. B. Lanz, S. S. Chua, N. Barron, B. M. Soder, F. DeMayo, and B. W. O'Malley Steroid Receptor RNA Activator Stimulates Proliferation as Well as Apoptosis In Vivo Mol. Cell. Biol., October 15, 2003; 23(20): 7163 - 7176. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. M. Rowlands, I. V. Pechenkina, S. J. Hatsell, R. G. Pestell, and P. Cowin Dissecting the roles of {beta}-catenin and cyclin D1 during mammary development and neoplasia PNAS, September 30, 2003; 100(20): 11400 - 11405. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. V. Lee, P. Zhang, M. Ivanova, S. Bonnette, S. Oesterreich, J. M. Rosen, S. Grimm, R. C. Hovey, B. K. Vonderhaar, C. R. Kahn, et al. Developmental and Hormonal Signals Dramatically Alter the Localization and Abundance of Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins in the Mammary Gland Endocrinology, June 1, 2003; 144(6): 2683 - 2694. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Smith and A. Greenfield DNA microarrays and development Hum. Mol. Genet., April 2, 2003; 12(90001): R1 - 8. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Li, J. R. Knapp, and J. J. Kopchick Enlargement of Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue in Growth Hormone Antagonist Transgenic and in Growth Hormone Receptor Gene-Disrupted Dwarf Mice Experimental Biology and Medicine, February 1, 2003; 228(2): 207 - 215. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Gouon-Evans and J. W. Pollard Unexpected Deposition of Brown Fat in Mammary Gland During Postnatal Development Mol. Endocrinol., November 1, 2002; 16(11): 2618 - 2627. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Endocrinology | Endocrine Reviews | J. Clin. End. & Metab. |
| Molecular Endocrinology | Recent Prog. Horm. Res. | All Endocrine Journals |
