| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
Departments of Molecular Medicine (A.F.-M., N.S., G.N.) and Cell and Molecular Biology (H.G., B.V.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17176, Sweden; Health Science Center (L.F.), Pharmacology Section, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria University, 35080 Las Palmas, Spain; and Department of Functional Genomics (N.H.L.), Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, Maryland 20850
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Amilcar Flores-Morales, Center of Molecular Medicine (CMM), L8:01, Karolinska Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail: Amilcar.Flores{at}molmed.ki.se.
Several metabolic processes in the liver are regulated by thyroid hormone (T3). Gene expression profiles of livers from normal and TRß-deficient mouse strains should allow the classification of rapid and sustained effects of T3, as well as identification of target genes that are dependent on TRß. The immediate and long-term T3 regulation of about 4000 genes in livers from hypo- and hyperthyroid wild-type and TRß-deficient mice was analyzed using cDNA microarrays. T3 was found to regulate more than 200 genes, and among these, more than 100 were previously not described. Sixty percent of all these genes show dependence on the TRß gene for T3 regulation, indicating that TR
1 may have previously unknown functions in the liver. Analysis of the gene expression patterns showed a clear functional distinction between rapid (2 h) actions of T3 and late effects, seen after 5 d of sustained T3 treatment. Many metabolic actions were rapidly executed, whereas effects on mitochondrial function, for example, were seen after the sustained T3 treatment. As compared with wild-type controls, TRß-/-mice exhibited elevated expression of some target genes and reduced levels of others, indicating that both direct and indirect gene regulation by TRs in liver is complex and involves both ligand-dependent and -independent actions by the major TR isoforms.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  I. H. Chan and M. L. Privalsky Isoform-Specific Transcriptional Activity of Overlapping Target Genes that Respond to Thyroid Hormone Receptors {alpha}1 and {beta}1 Mol. Endocrinol., November 1, 2009; 23(11): 1758 - 1775. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Pihlajamaki, T. Boes, E.-Y. Kim, F. Dearie, B. W. Kim, J. Schroeder, E. Mun, I. Nasser, P. J. Park, A. C. Bianco, et al. Thyroid Hormone-Related Regulation of Gene Expression in Human Fatty Liver J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2009; 94(9): 3521 - 3529. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Vujovic, K. Nordstrom, K. Gauthier, F. Flamant, T. J. Visser, B. Vennstrom, and J. Mittag Interference of a Mutant Thyroid Hormone Receptor {alpha}1 with Hepatic Glucose Metabolism Endocrinology, June 1, 2009; 150(6): 2940 - 2947. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Kress, A. Rezza, J. Nadjar, J. Samarut, and M. Plateroti The Frizzled-related sFRP2 Gene Is a Target of Thyroid Hormone Receptor {alpha}1 and Activates {beta}-Catenin Signaling in Mouse Intestine J. Biol. Chem., January 9, 2009; 284(2): 1234 - 1241. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Astapova, L. J. Lee, C. Morales, S. Tauber, M. Bilban, and A. N. Hollenberg The nuclear corepressor, NCoR, regulates thyroid hormone action in vivo PNAS, December 9, 2008; 105(49): 19544 - 19549. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S.-J. Reilly, V. Tillander, R. Ofman, S. E.H. Alexson, and M. C. Hunt The Nudix Hydrolase 7 is an Acyl-CoA Diphosphatase Involved in Regulating Peroxisomal Coenzyme A Homeostasis J. Biochem., November 1, 2008; 144(5): 655 - 663. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Wulf, M. G Wetzel, M. Kebenko, M. Kroger, A. Harneit, J. Merz, and J. M Weitzel The role of thyroid hormone receptor DNA binding in negative thyroid hormone-mediated gene transcription J. Mol. Endocrinol., July 1, 2008; 41(1): 25 - 34. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J Kwakkel, W M Wiersinga, and A Boelen Interleukin-1{beta} modulates endogenous thyroid hormone receptor {alpha} gene transcription in liver cells J. Endocrinol., August 1, 2007; 194(2): 257 - 265. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Dong, C. L. Yauk, A. Williams, A. Lee, G. R. Douglas, and M. G. Wade Hepatic Gene Expression Changes in Hypothyroid Juvenile Mice: Characterization of a Novel Negative Thyroid-Responsive Element Endocrinology, August 1, 2007; 148(8): 3932 - 3940. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Quignodon, C. Grijota-Martinez, E. Compe, R. Guyot, N. Allioli, D. Laperriere, R. Walker, P. Meltzer, S. Mader, J. Samarut, et al. A combined approach identifies a limited number of new thyroid hormone target genes in post-natal mouse cerebellum J. Mol. Endocrinol., July 1, 2007; 39(1): 17 - 28. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Jones, L. Ng, H. Liu, and D. Forrest An Intron Control Region Differentially Regulates Expression of Thyroid Hormone Receptor {beta}2 in the Cochlea, Pituitary, and Cone Photoreceptors Mol. Endocrinol., May 1, 2007; 21(5): 1108 - 1119. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y.-Y. Liu, R. S. Heymann, F. Moatamed, J. J. Schultz, D. Sobel, and G. A. Brent A Mutant Thyroid Hormone Receptor {alpha} Antagonizes Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor {alpha} Signaling in Vivo and Impairs Fatty Acid Oxidation Endocrinology, March 1, 2007; 148(3): 1206 - 1217. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Flamant, J. D. Baxter, D. Forrest, S. Refetoff, H. Samuels, T. S. Scanlan, B. Vennstrom, and J. Samarut International Union of Pharmacology. LIX. The Pharmacology and Classification of the Nuclear Receptor Superfamily: Thyroid Hormone Receptors Pharmacol. Rev., December 1, 2006; 58(4): 705 - 711. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Fugier, J.-J. Tousaint, X. Prieur, M. Plateroti, J. Samarut, and P. Delerive The Lipoprotein Lipase Inhibitor ANGPTL3 Is Negatively Regulated by Thyroid Hormone J. Biol. Chem., April 28, 2006; 281(17): 11553 - 11559. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Ishizuka and M. A. Lazar The Nuclear Receptor Corepressor Deacetylase Activating Domain Is Essential for Repression by Thyroid Hormone Receptor Mol. Endocrinol., June 1, 2005; 19(6): 1443 - 1451. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Rico-Bautista, C. J. Greenhalgh, P. Tollet-Egnell, D. J. Hilton, W. S. Alexander, G. Norstedt, and A. Flores-Morales Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-2 Deficiency Induces Molecular and Metabolic Changes that Partially Overlap with Growth Hormone-Dependent Effects Mol. Endocrinol., March 1, 2005; 19(3): 781 - 793. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Zavacki, H. Ying, M. A. Christoffolete, G. Aerts, E. So, J. W. Harney, S.-y. Cheng, P. R. Larsen, and A. C. Bianco Type 1 Iodothyronine Deiodinase Is a Sensitive Marker of Peripheral Thyroid Status in the Mouse Endocrinology, March 1, 2005; 146(3): 1568 - 1575. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. M. Yen Studying Hormonal Regulation by Microarrays: Distinguishing the Trees from the Forest J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2005; 90(2): 1241 - 1242. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. C. Moeller, A. M. Dumitrescu, R. L. Walker, P. S. Meltzer, and S. Refetoff Thyroid Hormone Responsive Genes in Cultured Human Fibroblasts J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2005; 90(2): 936 - 943. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y.-Y. Liu and G. A. Brent Thyroid Hormone-Dependent Gene Expression in Differentiated Embryonic Stem Cells and Embryonal Carcinoma Cells: Identification of Novel Thyroid Hormone Target Genes by Deoxyribonucleic Acid Microarray Analysis Endocrinology, February 1, 2005; 146(2): 776 - 783. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. J. Mengeling, F. Pan, and M. L. Privalsky Novel Mode of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Recognition by Thyroid Hormone Receptors: Thyroid Hormone Receptor {beta}-Isoforms Can Bind as Trimers to Natural Response Elements Comprised of Reiterated Half-Sites Mol. Endocrinol., January 1, 2005; 19(1): 35 - 51. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K.-H. Lin, C.-y. Chen, S.-L. Chen, C.-C. Yen, Y.-H. Huang, C.-h. Shih, J.-J. Shen, R.-C. Yang, and C.-S. Wang Regulation of fibronectin by thyroid hormone receptors J. Mol. Endocrinol., October 1, 2004; 33(2): 445 - 458. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-h. Shih, S.-L. Chen, C.-C. Yen, Y.-H. Huang, C.-d. Chen, Y.-S. Lee, and K.-h. Lin Thyroid Hormone Receptor-Dependent Transcriptional Regulation of Fibrinogen and Coagulation Proteins Endocrinology, June 1, 2004; 145(6): 2804 - 2814. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Stahlberg, E. Rico-Bautista, R. M. Fisher, X. Wu, L. Cheung, A. Flores-Morales, G. Tybring, G. Norstedt, and P. Tollet-Egnell Female-Predominant Expression of Fatty Acid Translocase/CD36 in Rat and Human Liver Endocrinology, April 1, 2004; 145(4): 1972 - 1979. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Tollet-Egnell, P. Parini, N. Stahlberg, I. Lonnstedt, N. H. Lee, M. Rudling, A. Flores-Morales, and G. Norstedt Growth hormone-mediated alteration of fuel metabolism in the aged rat as determined from transcript profiles Physiol Genomics, January 15, 2004; 16(2): 261 - 267. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. Wu, S.-T. Pang, L. Sahlin, A. Blanck, G. Norstedt, and A. Flores-Morales Gene Expression Profiling of the Effects of Castration and Estrogen Treatment in the Rat Uterus Biol Reprod, October 1, 2003; 69(4): 1308 - 1317. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. C. Helbing, K. Werry, D. Crump, D. Domanski, N. Veldhoen, and C. M. Bailey Expression Profiles of Novel Thyroid Hormone-Responsive Genes and Proteins in the Tail of Xenopus laevis Tadpoles Undergoing Precocious Metamorphosis Mol. Endocrinol., July 1, 2003; 17(7): 1395 - 1409. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. M. Sadow, O. Chassande, K. Gauthier, J. Samarut, J. Xu, B. W. O'Malley, and R. E. Weiss Specificity of thyroid hormone receptor subtype and steroid receptor coactivator-1 on thyroid hormone action Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, January 1, 2003; 284(1): E36 - E46. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Endocrinology | Endocrine Reviews | J. Clin. End. & Metab. |
| Molecular Endocrinology | Recent Prog. Horm. Res. | All Endocrine Journals |
