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The e13 Isoform of the Calcitonin Receptor Forms a Six-Transmembrane Domain Receptor with Dominant-Negative Effects on Receptor Surface Expression and Signaling

Departments of Orthopedics and Cell Biology (T.S., V.G., R.B., W.C.H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; Department of Endocrinology (T.S., A.M.F.), Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany; and Department of Molecular Pharmacology (M.P., D.F.M.), Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. William C. Horne, Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, P.O. Box 208044, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8044. E-mail: william.horne{at}yale.edu.

The CTRe13 splice variant of the rabbit calcitonin receptor, which lacks the 14 amino acids of the seventh transmembrane domain (TMD) that are encoded by exon 13, is poorly expressed on the cell surface, fails to mobilize intracellular calcium or activate Erk, and inhibits the cell surface expression of the full-length C1a isoform. Nuclear magnetic resonance- and fluorescence-activated cell sorter-based experiments showed that the residual seventh TMD of CTRe13 fails to partition into the lipid bilayer, resulting in an extracellular C terminus. Truncating the receptor after residue 397 to delete the cytoplasmic tail resulted in reduced cell surface expression and an inability to mobilize intracellular calcium or activate Erk, but the truncated receptor did not inhibit C1a cell surface expression. In contrast, when the receptor was truncated after residue 374 to eliminate the entire seventh TMD domain and the C-terminal domain, the resulting receptor reduced the cell surface expression of C1a in a manner similar to that of CTRe13. Thus, normal cell surface expression, mobilization of intracellular calcium, and Erk activation requires the cytoplasmic C-terminal tail of the CTR, whereas the absence of the seventh TMD in the transmembrane helical bundle causes the dominant-negative effect on the surface expression of C1a.

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