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The Role of Xenopus Membrane Progesterone Receptor ß in Mediating the Effect of Progesterone on Oocyte Maturation

Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pharmacology (L.J.B.-Y., A.L.L., J.L.M.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; and Marine Sciences Institute (P.T.), University of Texas, Port Aransas, Texas 78373

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: James Maller, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, 8303, 12801 East 17th Avenue, P.O. Box 6511, Aurora, Colorado 80045. E-mail: Jim.Maller{at}uchsc.edu.

Rapid, nongenomic membranal effects of progesterone were demonstrated in amphibian oocytes more than 30 y ago. Recently, a distinct family of membrane progestin receptors (mPRs) has been cloned in fish and other vertebrate species. In this study we explore the role of mPR in promoting oocyte maturation in Xenopus laevis. RT-PCR analysis indicates that Xenopus oocytes contain transcripts for the mPRß ortholog, similar to what has been reported in zebrafish oocytes, and Western blotting shows that the protein is expressed on the oocyte plasma membrane. Microinjection of mPRß-specific antibodies into oocytes resulted in a dramatic inhibition of progesterone-dependent oocyte maturation, whereas microinjection of mRNA encoding Myc-Xenopus mPR (XmPR)ß resulted in an accelerated rate of progesterone-induced oocyte maturation, concomitant with membranal localization of the protein. Binding studies in mammalian cells expressing XmPRß confirmed specific binding of progesterone by the expressed protein. These results suggest that XmPRß is a physiological progesterone receptor involved in initiating the resumption of meiosis during maturation of Xenopus oocytes.

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Ligands:   Progesterone

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