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Expression Profiling of Nuclear Receptors in Human and Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Cardiovascular Center (C.-Q.X., J.Z., Y.E.C.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Departments of Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (Y.J., A.L.B., T.S., D.J.M.), Biochemistry (B.-h.K.), and Clinical Sciences (Y.X.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; Burnett College of Biomedical Sciences (M.F.), University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816; Cardiovascular Research Institute (M.T.G.-B.), Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30310; University of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute and Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology (S.R., R.-H.X.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: David J. Mangelsdorf, Department of Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, Texas 75390-9041. E-mail: davo.mango{at}utsouthwestern.edu; or Y. Eugene Chen, Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109. E-mail: echenum{at}umich.edu.

ABSTRACT

Nuclear receptors (NRs) regulate gene expression in essential biological processes including differentiation and development. Here we report the systematic profiling of NRs in human and mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines and during their early differentiation into embryoid bodies. Expression of the 48 human and mouse NRs was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. In general, expression of NRs between the two human cell lines was highly concordant, whereas in contrast, expression of NRs between human and mouse ESCs differed significantly. In particular, a number of NRs that have been implicated previously as crucial regulators of mouse ESC biology, including ERRβ, DAX-1, and LRH-1, exhibited diametric patterns of expression, suggesting they may have distinct species-specific functions. Taken together, these results highlight the complexity of the transcriptional hierarchy that exists between species and governs early development. These data should provide a unique resource for further exploration of the species-specific roles of NRs in ESC self-renewal and differentiation.

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Nuclear Receptors:   DAX1  |  SHP  |  TRα  |  TRβ  |  RARα  |  RARβ  |  RARγ  |  PPARα  |  PPARδ  |  PPARγ  |  REV-ERBα  |  REV-ERBβ  |  RORα  |  RORβ  |  RORγ  |  LXRβ  |  LXRα  |  FXRα  |  VDR  |  PXR  |  CAR  |  HNF4α  |  HNF4γ  |  RXRα  |  RXRβ  |  RXRγ  |  TR2  |  TR4  |  TLX  |  PNR  |  COUP-TFI  |  COUP-TFII  |  EAR2  |  ERα  |  ERβ  |  ERRα  |  ERRβ  |  ERRγ  |  GR  |  MR  |  PR  |  AR  |  NGFIB  |  NURR1  |  NOR1  |  SF-1  |  LRH-1  |  GCNF