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La Jolla Cancer Research Foundation La Jolla, California 92037
Address requests for reprints to: Dr. Magnus Pfahl, La Jolla Cancer Research Foundation, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037.
Abstract
Cell proliferation and phenotype of cells from female reproductive tissues are regulated by estrogens. It is therefore important to understand how estrogen action can be modulated. It recently has been reported that certain nuclear receptors can antagonize the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradeconyIphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) by direct interaction with the transcription factor AP-1, and that the AP-1 constituents cJun and cFos can inhibit receptor activity. This mutual antagonism appears to be based on direct proteinprotein interaction. In the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, TPA leads to growth arrest and altered cell morphology. We have investigated here whether in MCF-7 cells and other cell lines AP-1 and estrogen receptors (ERs) can inhibit each other's activity. We find that TPA or the AP-1 components cJun and cFos can inhibit estradioldependent estrogen receptor activity in most cell lines investigated. In addition, ER mRNA is rapidly down-regulated in MCF-7 cells. Gel retardation experiments show that ER DNA bind-ing is inhibited in vitro by cJun protein, while ER also can inhibit cJun DNA binding. However, in vivo we do not observe inhibition of AP-1 activity by ER in the cell lines investigated here. On the contrary, we observed an enhancing effect at low ER concentra-tions on AP-1. Together our data suggest a new regulatory pathway by which ER activity can be modulated by AP-1. Several mechanisms including ER-AP-1 protein interaction appear to be involved.
FOOTNOTES
This work was supported by NIH Grant DK-35083 and a grant from the Tobacco-Related Disease Program of the University of California (2RT0109).
* Supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program of the University of Cali-fornia
Received for publication August 26, 1991. Revision received October 1, 1991. Accepted for publication October 7, 1991.
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