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-Subunit Genes
The Salk Institute La Jolla, California 92037
Department of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego La Jolla, California 92093
Address requests for reprints to: Pamela L. Mellon, The Salk Institute, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037.
Abstract
Primate and equine species are thought to be unique among mammals in synthesizing placental gonadotropin glycoprotein hormones. Human chorionic gonadotropin (CG) and equine pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) are produced in placenta by the specific activation of a glycoprotein hormone 
-subunit gene and a corresponding β-subunit gene. The evolutionary mechanisms for the apparently independent aquisition of tissue specificity were investigated by cloning the 5' flanking region of the equine -subunit gene and comparing the DNA elements and trans-acting factors involved in placental expression. We find that though the equine gene is expressed and induced by cAMP, it does not contain the elements known to confer tissue-specific expression to the human gene, the cAMP response element (CRE) and the trophoblast-specific element (TSE), nor does it bind to the trans-acting factors CREB and TSEB. Instead, an additional factor (-ACT) is found which binds to the equine and human, but not the murine, -subunit genes in a region between the positions of the CRE and TSE and confers cAMP responsiveness.
FOOTNOTES
This work was supported by NIH grants HD20377 and HD23818 and by the March of Dimes (1–1182). J. A. is a recipient of a fellowship from the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst/Sonderprogramm Gentechnologie. M.B. is a recipient of a fellowship from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.
Received for publication October 1, 1990. Revision received November 26, 1990. Accepted for publication November 27, 1990.
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