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Molecular Endocrinology, Vol 6, 365-374, Copyright © 1992 by Endocrine Society
ARTICLES |
KP Lu, CD Rasmussen, GS May and AR Means
Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030.
Calcium and calmodulin have been widely implicated in the control of cell proliferation. We have created a strain of the genetically tractable filamentous fungus, Aspergillus nidulans, that is conditional for calmodulin expression. This was accomplished by replacing the unique endogenous calmodulin gene with one regulated by the inducible alcohol dehydrogenase (alcA) gene promoter by homologous recombination. This strain cannot grow when the cells are incubated in medium containing a carbon source that represses the alcA promoter. Characterization of the arrested cells shows that 83% are blocked in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. The block is due to very low levels of calmodulin and is fully reversible upon changing to medium that contains an inducer of the alcA promoter. The rate of cell proliferation in this strain is dependent upon both the intracellular calmodulin and extracellular Ca2+ concentrations. Raising the calmodulin concentration by inducing the alcA promoter not only causes the cells to enter the proliferative cycle more quickly and to grow faster, but also decreases the concentration of extracellular Ca2+ required to support growth by 10-fold, as compared with cells grown in noninducing medium. Thus both the intracellular calmodulin and extracellular Ca2+ concentrations are important and interactive factors in regulating the nuclear division cycle of Aspergillus nidulans.
This article has been cited by other articles:
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  J. D. Joseph, S. N. Daigle, and A. R. Means PINA Is Essential for Growth and Positively Influences NIMA Function in Aspergillus nidulans J. Biol. Chem., July 30, 2004; 279(31): 32373 - 32384. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J. M. Colomer, M. Terasawa, and A. R. Means Targeted Expression of Calmodulin Increases Ventricular Cardiomyocyte Proliferation and Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis during Mouse Development Endocrinology, March 1, 2004; 145(3): 1356 - 1366. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 C. R. Kahl and A. R. Means Regulation of Cell Cycle Progression by Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Pathways Endocr. Rev., December 1, 2003; 24(6): 719 - 736. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 D. P. Kontoyiannis, R. E. Lewis, N. Osherov, N. D. Albert, and G. S. May Combination of caspofungin with inhibitors of the calcineurin pathway attenuates growth in vitro in Aspergillus species J. Antimicrob. Chemother., February 1, 2003; 51(2): 313 - 316. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J. D. Joseph and A. R. Means Calcium Binding Is Required for Calmodulin Function in Aspergillus nidulans Eukaryot. Cell, February 1, 2002; 1(1): 119 - 125. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. S. Dayton, M. Sumi, N. N. Nanthakumar, and A. R. Means Expression of a Constitutively Active Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent Kinase in Aspergillus nidulans Spores Prevents Germination and Entry into the Cell Cycle J. Biol. Chem., February 7, 1997; 272(6): 3223 - 3230. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J. H. Doonan Cell division in Aspergillus J. Cell Sci., November 1, 1992; 103(3): 599 - 611. [Abstract] [PDF]
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