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Molecular Endocrinology, Vol 7, 423-433, Copyright © 1993 by Endocrine Society
ARTICLES |
B Staels, DW Hum and WL Miller
Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco 94143- 0978.
NCI-H295 is a recently described human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line that makes a variety of steroid hormones. We sought to determine if steroidogenesis in these cells employs the same enzymes as those used in normal adrenal steroidogenesis, and if the genes encoding those enzymes exhibit characteristic responsiveness to activators of the protein kinase-A and -C pathways of intracellular second messengers. Northern blots show that NCI-H295 cells contain abundant mRNAs for three key steroidogenic enzymes, cytochrome P450scc, cytochrome P450c17, and cytochrome P450c21. These mRNAs accumulated in a time- and dose-dependent fashion in response to 8-bromo-cAMP (8Br-cAMP), forskolin, cholera toxin, and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, all activators of the protein kinase-A pathway. Nuclear run-on assays and actinomycin-D transcriptional inhibition experiments show that cAMP regulates the expression of all three genes primarily at the transcriptional level. Inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide did not prevent the cAMP-induced accumulation of P450scc or P450c17 mRNAs, but did inhibit accumulation of P450c21 mRNA, suggesting that cAMP is acting through a mechanism dependent on protein synthesis to promote accumulation of P450c21 mRNA. Stimulation of the protein kinase-C pathway with phorbol ester decreased P450scc and P450c17 mRNAs, but stimulated the accumulation of P450c21 mRNA. RNase protection experiments, Northern blot hybridizations, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction show that NCI-H295 cells express both the 11 beta-hydroxylase (P450c11 beta) encoded by the P450c11B1 gene and the aldosterone synthetase (P450c11AS) encoded by the P450c11B2 gene. 8Br-cAMP increased the abundance of both of these mRNAs with similar kinetics, with maximal accumulation of both after about 24 h. NCI-H295 cells also contain the mRNAs for aromatase and insulin-like growth factor-II. 8Br-cAMP increased the abundance of aromatase mRNA and decreased the abundance of IGF-II mRNA. These studies show that NCI-H295 cells express most of the enzymes needed for human adrenal steroidogenesis, and that the genes encoding these enzymes respond to stimulation of second messenger pathways in a manner similar to that of human adrenals. NCI-H295 cells appear to be a good model for studying the molecular regulation of human adrenal steroidogenesis.
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N. Huang and W. L. Miller Cloning of Factors Related to HIV-inducible LBP Proteins That Regulate Steroidogenic Factor-1-independent Human Placental Transcription of the Cholesterol Side-chain Cleavage Enzyme, P450scc J. Biol. Chem., January 28, 2000; 275(4): 2852 - 2858. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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L. Groussin, J. F. Massias, X. Bertagna, and J. Bertherat Loss of Expression of the Ubiquitous Transcription Factor cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein (CREB) and Compensatory Overexpression of the Activator CREM{tau} in the Human Adrenocortical Cancer Cell Line H295R J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2000; 85(1): 345 - 354. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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S. D. Wijesuriya, G. Zhang, A. Dardis, and W. L. Miller Transcriptional Regulatory Elements of the Human Gene for Cytochrome P450c21 (Steroid 21-Hydroxylase) Lie within Intron 35 of the Linked C4B Gene J. Biol. Chem., December 31, 1999; 274(53): 38097 - 38106. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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I. M. Bird, J. I. Mason, and W. E. Rainey Protein Kinase A, Protein Kinase C, and Ca2+-Regulated Expression of 21-Hydroxylase Cytochrome P450 in H295R Human Adrenocortical Cells J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 1998; 83(5): 1592 - 1597. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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D. Monte, F. DeWitte, and D. W. Hum Regulation of the Human P450scc Gene by Steroidogenic Factor 1 Is Mediated by CBP/p300 J. Biol. Chem., February 20, 1998; 273(8): 4585 - 4591. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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W. A. Freije, V. Pezzi, A. Arici, B. R. Carr, and W. E. Rainey Expression of 11{beta}-Hydroxylase (CYP11B1) and Aldosterone Synthase (CYP11B2) in the Human Fetal Adrenal Reproductive Sciences, November 1, 1997; 4(6): 305 - 309. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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P. Zhang and S. H. Mellon Multiple Orphan Nuclear Receptors Converge to Regulate Rat P450c17 Gene Transcription: Novel Mechanisms for Orphan Nuclear Receptor Action Mol. Endocrinol., June 1, 1997; 11(7): 891 - 904. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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H. Rodriguez, D. W. Hum, B. Staels, and W. L. Miller Transcription of the Human Genes for Cytochrome P450scc and P450c17 Is Regulated Differently in Human Adrenal NCI-H295 Cells Than in Mouse Adrenal Y1 Cells J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 1997; 82(2): 365 - 371. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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F. Arakane, T. Sugawara, H. Nishino, Z. Liu, J. A. Holt, D. Pain, D. M. Stocco, W. L. Miller, and J. F. Strauss III Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) retains activity in the absence of its mitochondrial import sequence: Implications for the mechanism of StAR action PNAS, November 26, 1996; 93(24): 13731 - 13736. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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B. Staels, G. Martin, M. Martinez, C. Albert, J. Peinado-Onsurbe, R. Saladin, D. W. Hum, M. Reina, S. Vilaro, and J. Auwerx Expression and Regulation of the Lipoprotein Lipase Gene in Human Adrenal Cortex J. Biol. Chem., July 19, 1996; 271(29): 17425 - 17432. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J.-G. LeHoux, G. Dupuis, and A. Lefebvre Control of CYP11B2 Gene Expression through Differential Regulation of Its Promoter by Atypical and Conventional Protein Kinase C Isoforms J. Biol. Chem., March 9, 2001; 276(11): 8021 - 8028. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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