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Submitted on February 13, 2009
Accepted on May 26, 2009
Departments of Medicine and Pathology and the Endocrine Oncology Site Group, Princess Margaret Hospital, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G-2M9
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: shereen.ezzat{at}utoronto.ca.
Recent genome-wide association studies have identified FGFR2 as one of a few candidate genes linked with breast cancer susceptibility. In particular, the disease-predisposing allele of FGFR2 is inherited as a 7.5 kb region within intron 2 that harbors eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The relationship between these SNPs and FGFR2 gene expression remains unclear. Here we show the common occurrence of polymorphisms within the intron 2 region in a panel of 10 breast cancer cell lines. High FGFR2-expressing cell lines such as MCF-7 cells displayed polymorphic sequences with constitutive histone acetylation at multiple intron 2 sequences harboring putative transcription binding sites. Knockdown of Runx2 or C/EBP
in these cells resulted in diminished endogenous FGFR2 gene expression. In contrast FGFR2-negative MDA-231 cells were wild-type and showed evidence of histone 3/4 deacetylation at the rs2981578, rs10736303, and rs7895676 disease-associated alleles that harbor binding sites for Runx2, ER, and C/EBP
respectively. Histone deacetylation inhibition with trichostatin A (TSA) resulted in enhanced acetylation at these intron 2 sites, an effect associated with robust FGFR2 re-expression. Isoform analysis proved re-expression of the FGFR2-IIIc variant whose splicing was positively influenced by TSA-mediated recruitment of the Fas-activated serine/threonine phosphoprotein (FAST) survival protein. Our findings highlight the potential role of histone acetylation in modulating access to selected polymorphic sites within intron 2 as well as downstream splicing sites in generating variable FGFR2 levels and isoforms in breast cancer.
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