help button home button Endocrine Society Molecular Endocrinology
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Purchase Article
Right arrow View Shopping Cart
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Mountjoy, K. G.
Right arrow Articles by Cone, R. D.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Mountjoy, K. G.
Right arrow Articles by Cone, R. D.

Molecular Endocrinology, Vol 8, 1298-1308, Copyright © 1994 by Endocrine Society

ARTICLES

Localization of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4-R) in neuroendocrine and autonomic control circuits in the brain

KG Mountjoy, MT Mortrud, MJ Low, RB Simerly and RD Cone
Vollum Institute for Advanced Biomedical Research, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201-3098.

POMC, the precursor of ACTH, MSH, and beta-endorphin peptides, is expressed in the pituitary and in two sites in the brain, in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and the commissural nucleus of the solitary tract of the brain stem. Little is known regarding the functions of melanocortin (ACTH and MSH) peptides in the brain. We report here the detailed neuroanatomical distribution of the MC4-R mRNA in the adult rat brain. The melanocortin 3 receptor (MC3-R), characterized previously, was found to be expressed in arcuate nucleus neurons and in a subset of their presumptive terminal fields but in few regions of the brainstem. The highly conserved MC4-R is much more widely expressed than MC3-R and is pharmacologically distinct. MC4-R mRNA was found in multiple sites in virtually every brain region, including the cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, brainstem, and spinal cord. Unlike the MC3-R, MC4-R mRNA is found in both parvicellular and magnocellular neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, suggesting a role in the central control of pituitary function. MC4-R is also unique in its expression in numerous cortical and brainstem nuclei. Together, MC3-R and/or MC-4R mRNA are found in every nucleus reported to bind MSH in the adult rat brain and define neuronal circuitry known to be involved in the control of diverse neuroendocrine and autonomic functions. The high degree of conservation, distinct pharmacology, and unique neuronal distribution of the MC4 receptor suggest specific and complex roles for the melanocortin peptides in neuroendocrine and autonomic control.


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
K. P. Skibicka and H. J. Grill
Energetic Responses Are Triggered by Caudal Brainstem Melanocortin Receptor Stimulation and Mediated by Local Sympathetic Effector Circuits
Endocrinology, July 1, 2008; 149(7): 3605 - 3616.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J EndocrinolHome page
J. C Garza, C. S. Kim, J. Liu, W. Zhang, and X.-Y. Lu
Adeno-associated virus-mediated knockdown of melanocortin-4 receptor in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus promotes high-fat diet-induced hyperphagia and obesity
J. Endocrinol., June 1, 2008; 197(3): 471 - 482.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
D. Kohno, M. Nakata, Y. Maejima, H. Shimizu, U. Sedbazar, N. Yoshida, K. Dezaki, T. Onaka, M. Mori, and T. Yada
Nesfatin-1 Neurons in Paraventricular and Supraoptic Nuclei of the Rat Hypothalamus Coexpress Oxytocin and Vasopressin and Are Activated by Refeeding
Endocrinology, March 1, 2008; 149(3): 1295 - 1301.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
R. A. Augustine, S. R. Ladyman, and D. R. Grattan
From feeding one to feeding many: hormone-induced changes in bodyweight homeostasis during pregnancy
J. Physiol., January 15, 2008; 586(2): 387 - 397.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J EndocrinolHome page
Z.-C. Fan, J. L Sartin, and Y.-X. Tao
Molecular cloning and pharmacological characterization of porcine melanocortin-3 receptor
J. Endocrinol., January 1, 2008; 196(1): 139 - 148.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
V. Tolle and M. J. Low
In Vivo Evidence for Inverse Agonism of Agouti-Related Peptide in the Central Nervous System of Proopiomelanocortin-Deficient Mice
Diabetes, January 1, 2008; 57(1): 86 - 94.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
R. Wu, M. Zhou, P. Das, W. Dong, Y. Ji, D. Yang, M. Miksa, F. Zhang, T. S. Ravikumar, and P. Wang
Ghrelin inhibits sympathetic nervous activity in sepsis
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 2007; 293(6): E1697 - E1702.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
Y. C. L. Tung, D. Rimmington, S. O'Rahilly, and A. P. Coll
Pro-Opiomelanocortin Modulates the Thermogenic and Physical Activity Responses to High-Fat Feeding and Markedly Influences Dietary Fat Preference
Endocrinology, November 1, 2007; 148(11): 5331 - 5338.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
I. Hainerova, L. H. Larsen, B. Holst, M. Finkova, V. Hainer, J. Lebl, T. Hansen, and O. Pedersen
Melanocortin 4 Receptor Mutations in Obese Czech Children: Studies of Prevalence, Phenotype Development, Weight Reduction Response, and Functional Analysis
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2007; 92(9): 3689 - 3696.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
G. Li, Y. Zhang, E. Rodrigues, D. Zheng, M. Matheny, K.-Y. Cheng, and P. J. Scarpace
Melanocortin activation of nucleus of the solitary tract avoids anorectic tachyphylaxis and induces prolonged weight loss
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 2007; 293(1): E252 - E258.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J EndocrinolHome page
H. Shimizu, K. Inoue, and M. Mori
The leptin-dependent and -independent melanocortin signaling system: regulation of feeding and energy expenditure
J. Endocrinol., April 1, 2007; 193(1): 1 - 9.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
A. Voss-Andreae, J. G. Murphy, K. L. J. Ellacott, R. C. Stuart, E. A. Nillni, R. D. Cone, and W. Fan
Role of the Central Melanocortin Circuitry in Adaptive Thermogenesis of Brown Adipose Tissue
Endocrinology, April 1, 2007; 148(4): 1550 - 1560.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
S. Mohammad, G. Baldini, S. Granell, P. Narducci, A. M. Martelli, and G. Baldini
Constitutive Traffic of Melanocortin-4 Receptor in Neuro2A Cells and Immortalized Hypothalamic Neurons
J. Biol. Chem., February 16, 2007; 282(7): 4963 - 4974.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Leukoc. Biol.Home page
A. Catania
The melanocortin system in leukocyte biology
J. Leukoc. Biol., February 1, 2007; 81(2): 383 - 392.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
M. A. Smith, K. Hisadome, H. Al-Qassab, H. Heffron, D. J. Withers, and M. L. J. Ashford
Melanocortins and agouti-related protein modulate the excitability of two arcuate nucleus neuron populations by alteration of resting potassium conductances
J. Physiol., January 15, 2007; 578(2): 425 - 438.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
R. D. Cone
Studies on the Physiological Functions of the Melanocortin System
Endocr. Rev., December 1, 2006; 27(7): 736 - 749.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
J. A. Sebag and P. M. Hinkle
Regulation of Endogenous Melanocortin-4 Receptor Expression and Signaling by Glucocorticoids
Endocrinology, December 1, 2006; 147(12): 5948 - 5955.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Toxicol PatholHome page
T. M. Williams and K. B. Donnelly
Gastric Mucosal Damage Following Repeat Administration of Melanocortin Subtype-4 Receptor Ligands to Fischer 344 Rats
Toxicol Pathol, October 1, 2006; 34(6): 738 - 743.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
B. M. Kublaoui, J. L. Holder Jr., T. Gemelli, and A. R. Zinn
Sim1 Haploinsufficiency Impairs Melanocortin-Mediated Anorexia and Activation of Paraventricular Nucleus Neurons
Mol. Endocrinol., October 1, 2006; 20(10): 2483 - 2492.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.Home page
C. MAASER, K. KANNENGIESSER, and T. KUCHARZIK
Role of the melanocortin system in inflammation.
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., August 1, 2006; 1072: 123 - 134.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
L. Huo, H. J. Grill, and C. Bjorbaek
Divergent Regulation of Proopiomelanocortin Neurons by Leptin in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract and in the Arcuate Hypothalamic Nucleus
Diabetes, March 1, 2006; 55(3): 567 - 573.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
N. Sabatier and G. Leng
Presynaptic actions of endocannabinoids mediate {alpha}-MSH-induced inhibition of oxytocin cells
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, March 1, 2006; 290(3): R577 - R584.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
C. K. Song, R. M. Jackson, R. B. S. Harris, D. Richard, and T. J. Bartness
Melanocortin-4 receptor mRNA is expressed in sympathetic nervous system outflow neurons to white adipose tissue
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, November 1, 2005; 289(5): R1467 - R1476.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Physiol. Rev.Home page
S. Stanley, K. Wynne, B. McGowan, and S. Bloom
Hormonal Regulation of Food Intake
Physiol Rev, October 1, 2005; 85(4): 1131 - 1158.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
G. M. Sutton, B. Duos, L. M. Patterson, and H.-R. Berthoud
Melanocortinergic Modulation of Cholecystokinin-Induced Suppression of Feeding through Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling in Rat Solitary Nucleus
Endocrinology, September 1, 2005; 146(9): 3739 - 3747.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
J. R. Metz, E. J. W. Geven, E. H. van den Burg, and G. Flik
ACTH, {alpha}-MSH, and control of cortisol release: cloning, sequencing, and functional expression of the melanocortin-2 and melanocortin-5 receptor in Cyprinus carpio
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, September 1, 2005; 289(3): R814 - R826.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ANN INTERN MEDHome page
R. V. Sekhar, J. C. Goodman, A. Balasubramanyam, J. B. Tatro, and E. Mihaly
Regulation of Body Weight by Proopiomelanocortin Peptides in Humans: Lessons from the Nelson Syndrome
Ann Intern Med, August 2, 2005; 143(3): 238 - 239.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Chem.Home page
P. Buono, F. Pasanisi, C. Nardelli, L. Ieno, S. Capone, R. Liguori, C. Finelli, G. Oriani, F. Contaldo, and L. Sacchetti
Six Novel Mutations in the Proopiomelanocortin and Melanocortin Receptor 4 Genes in Severely Obese Adults Living in Southern Italy
Clin. Chem., August 1, 2005; 51(8): 1358 - 1364.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
D. L. Williams and M. W. Schwartz
The melanocortin system as a central integrator of direct and indirect controls of food intake
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, July 1, 2005; 289(1): R2 - R3.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J EndocrinolHome page
K. Wynne, S. Stanley, B. McGowan, and S. Bloom
Appetite control
J. Endocrinol., February 1, 2005; 184(2): 291 - 318.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
L. H. Larsen, S. M. Echwald, T. I. A. Sorensen, T. Andersen, B. S. Wulff, and O. Pedersen
Prevalence of Mutations and Functional Analyses of Melanocortin 4 Receptor Variants Identified among 750 Men with Juvenile-Onset Obesity
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2005; 90(1): 219 - 224.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
M. J. H. Kas, B. Tiesjema, G. van Dijk, K. M. Garner, G. S. Barsh, O. T. Brake, J. Verhaagen, and R. A. H. Adan
Induction of Brain Region-Specific Forms of Obesity by Agouti
J. Neurosci., November 10, 2004; 24(45): 10176 - 10181.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
C. Fekete, D. L. Marks, S. Sarkar, C. H. Emerson, W. M. Rand, R. D. Cone, and R. M. Lechan
Effect of Agouti-Related Protein in Regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis in the Melanocortin 4 Receptor Knockout Mouse
Endocrinology, November 1, 2004; 145(11): 4816 - 4821.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Physiol. Rev.Home page
A. Slominski, D. J. Tobin, S. Shibahara, and J. Wortsman
Melanin Pigmentation in Mammalian Skin and Its Hormonal Regulation
Physiol Rev, October 1, 2004; 84(4): 1155 - 1228.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
M. Tang-Christensen, N. Vrang, S. Ortmann, M. Bidlingmaier, T. L. Horvath, and M. Tschop
Central Administration of Ghrelin and Agouti-Related Protein (83-132) Increases Food Intake and Decreases Spontaneous Locomotor Activity in Rats
Endocrinology, October 1, 2004; 145(10): 4645 - 4652.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J AndrolHome page
F. Giuliano
Control of Penile Erection by the Melanocortinergic System: Experimental Evidences and Therapeutic Perspectives
J Androl, September 1, 2004; 25(5): 683 - 691.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
E. Savontaus, T. L. Breen, A. Kim, L. M. Yang, S. C. Chua Jr., and S. L. Wardlaw
Metabolic Effects of Transgenic Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Overexpression in Lean and Obese Mice
Endocrinology, August 1, 2004; 145(8): 3881 - 3891.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch DermatolHome page
R. T. Dorr, G. Ertl, N. Levine, C. Brooks, J. L. Bangert, M. B. Powell, S. Humphrey, and D. S. Alberts
Effects of a Superpotent Melanotropic Peptide in Combination With Solar UV Radiation on Tanning of the Skin in Human Volunteers
Arch Dermatol, July 1, 2004; 140(7): 827 - 835.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. L. Holder Jr, L. Zhang, B. M. Kublaoui, R. J. DiLeone, O. K. Oz, C. H. Bair, Y.-H. Lee, and A. R. Zinn
Sim1 gene dosage modulates the homeostatic feeding response to increased dietary fat in mice
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 2004; 287(1): E105 - E113.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Pharmacol. Rev.Home page
A. Catania, S. Gatti, G. Colombo, and J. M. Lipton
Targeting Melanocortin Receptors as a Novel Strategy to Control Inflammation
Pharmacol. Rev., March 1, 2004; 56(1): 1 - 29.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
K. Valli-Jaakola, M. Lipsanen-Nyman, L. Oksanen, A. N. Hollenberg, K. Kontula, C. Bjorbaek, and C. Schalin-Jantti
Identification and Characterization of Melanocortin-4 Receptor Gene Mutations in Morbidly Obese Finnish Children and Adults
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2004; 89(2): 940 - 945.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
M. Doghman, P. Delagrange, A. Blondet, M.-C. Berthelon, P. Durand, D. Naville, and M. Begeot
Agouti-Related Protein Antagonizes Glucocorticoid Production Induced through Melanocortin 4 Receptor Activation in Bovine Adrenal Cells: A Possible Autocrine Control
Endocrinology, February 1, 2004; 145(2): 541 - 547.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
Z.-H. Zhang and R. B. Felder
Melanocortin receptors mediate the excitatory effects of blood-borne murine leptin on hypothalamic paraventricular neurons in rat
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, February 1, 2004; 286(2): R303 - R310.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Recent Prog Horm ResHome page
A. Aneja, F. El-Atat, S. I. McFarlane, and J. R. Sowers
Hypertension and Obesity
Recent Prog. Horm. Res., January 1, 2004; 59(1): 169 - 205.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 Recent Prog Horm ResHome page
K. L.J. Ellacott and R. D. Cone
The Central Melanocortin System and the Integration of Short- and Long-term Regulators of Energy Homeostasis
Recent Prog. Horm. Res., January 1, 2004; 59(1): 395 - 408.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
A. M. Khan and A. G. Watts
Intravenous 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Injection Rapidly Elevates Levels of the Phosphorylated Forms of p44/42 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (Extracellularly Regulated Kinases 1/2) in Rat Hypothalamic Parvicellular Paraventricular Neurons
Endocrinology, January 1, 2004; 145(1): 351 - 359.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
D. C. Albarado, J. McClaine, J. M. Stephens, R. L. Mynatt, J. Ye, A. W. Bannon, W. G. Richards, and A. A. Butler
Impaired Coordination of Nutrient Intake and Substrate Oxidation in Melanocortin-4 Receptor Knockout Mice
Endocrinology, January 1, 2004; 145(1): 243 - 252.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
P. A. Donohoue, Y.-X. Tao, M. Collins, G. S. H. Yeo, S. O'Rahilly, and D. L. Segaloff
Deletion of Codons 88-92 of the Melanocortin-4 Receptor Gene: A Novel Deleterious Mutation in an Obese Female
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2003; 88(12): 5841 - 5845.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
D. L. Drazen, M. D. Wortman, M. W. Schwartz, D. J. Clegg, G. van Dijk, S. C. Woods, and R. J. Seeley
Adrenalectomy Alters the Sensitivity of the Central Nervous System Melanocortin System
Diabetes, December 1, 2003; 52(12): 2928 - 2934.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
K. G. Mountjoy, C.-S. Jenny Wu, L. M. Dumont, and J. M. Wild
Melanocortin-4 Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression in Rat Cardiorespiratory, Musculoskeletal, and Integumentary Systems
Endocrinology, December 1, 2003; 144(12): 5488 - 5496.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
N. Sabatier, C. Caquineau, G. Dayanithi, P. Bull, A. J. Douglas, X. M. M. Guan, M. Jiang, L. Van der Ploeg, and G. Leng
{alpha}-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Stimulates Oxytocin Release from the Dendrites of Hypothalamic Neurons While Inhibiting Oxytocin Release from Their Terminals in the Neurohypophysis
J. Neurosci., November 12, 2003; 23(32): 10351 - 10358.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
K. Takahashi
The Brainstem Is a Key Target for Neuroendocrine Research on Obesity
Endocrinology, November 1, 2003; 144(11): 4690 - 4691.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
D. L. Williams, R. R. Bowers, T. J. Bartness, J. M. Kaplan, and H. J. Grill
Brainstem Melanocortin 3/4 Receptor Stimulation Increases Uncoupling Protein Gene Expression in Brown Fat
Endocrinology, November 1, 2003; 144(11): 4692 - 4697.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
Y.-X. Tao and D. L. Segaloff
Functional Characterization of Melanocortin-4 Receptor Mutations Associated with Childhood Obesity
Endocrinology, October 1, 2003; 144(10): 4544 - 4551.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
J. M. Zigman and J. K. Elmquist
Minireview: From Anorexia to Obesity--The Yin and Yang of Body Weight Control
Endocrinology, September 1, 2003; 144(9): 3749 - 3756.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
H. Liu, T. Kishi, A. G. Roseberry, X. Cai, C. E. Lee, J. M. Montez, J. M. Friedman, and J. K. Elmquist
Transgenic Mice Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein under the Control of the Melanocortin-4 Receptor Promoter
J. Neurosci., August 6, 2003; 23(18): 7143 - 7154.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
K. Rahmouni, W. G. Haynes, D. A. Morgan, and A. L. Mark
Role of Melanocortin-4 Receptors in Mediating Renal Sympathoactivation to Leptin and Insulin
J. Neurosci., July 9, 2003; 23(14): 5998 - 6004.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
D. J. Clegg, S. C. Benoit, E. L. Air, A. Jackman, P. Tso, D. D'Alessio, S. C. Woods, and R. J. Seeley
Increased Dietary Fat Attenuates the Anorexic Effects of Intracerebroventricular Injections of MTII
Endocrinology, July 1, 2003; 144(7): 2941 - 2946.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
W. A. J. Nijenhuis, K. M. Garner, R. J. van Rozen, and R. A. H. Adan
Poor Cell Surface Expression of Human Melanocortin-4 Receptor Mutations Associated with Obesity
J. Biol. Chem., June 13, 2003; 278(25): 22939 - 22945.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.Home page
C. LUBRANO-BERTHELIER, M. CAVAZOS, B. DUBERN, A. SHAPIRO, C. L. STUNFF, S. ZHANG, F. PICART, C. GOVAERTS, P. FROGUEL, P. BOUGNERES, et al.
Molecular Genetics of Human Obesity-Associated MC4R Mutations
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., June 1, 2003; 994(1): 49 - 57.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.Home page
H. B. SCHIOTH, M. C. LAGERSTROM, H. WATANOBE, L. JONSSON, A. V. VERGONI, A. RINGHOLM, J. O. SKARPHEDINSSON, G. V. SKULADOTTIR, J. KLOVINS, and R. FREDRIKSSON
Functional Role, Structure, and Evolution of the Melanocortin-4 Receptor
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., June 1, 2003; 994(1): 74 - 83.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page