| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Submitted on July 23, 2002
Accepted on September 23, 2002
1 Department of Human Biological Chemistry & Genetics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX-77555.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: bthompso{at}utmb.edu.
The N-terminal domains (NTDs) of many members of the nuclear hormone receptor (NHR) family contain potent transcription-activating functions (AFs). Knowledge of the mechanisms of action of the NTD AFs has lagged, compared with that concerning other important domains of the NHRs. In part, this is because the NTD AFs appear to be unfolded when expressed as recombinant proteins. Recent studies have begun to shed light on the structure and function of the NTD AFs. Recombinant NTD AFs can be made to fold by application of certain osmolytes or when expressed in conjunction with a DNA-binding domain (DBD) by binding that DBD to a DNA response element. The sequence of the DNA binding site may affect the functional state of the AFs domain. If properly folded, NTD AFs can bind certain cofactors and primary transcription factors. Through these, and/or by direct interactions the NTD AFs may interact with the AF2 domain in the ligand binding, carboxy-terminal portion of the NHRs. We propose models for the folding of the NTD AFs and their protein:protein interactions.
NURSA Molecule Pages Link:
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  F. Stormshak and C. V. Bishop BOARD-INVITED REVIEW: Estrogen and progesterone signaling: Genomic and nongenomic actions in domestic ruminants J Anim Sci, February 1, 2008; 86(2): 299 - 315. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. D. Connaghan-Jones, A. F. Heneghan, M. T. Miura, and D. L. Bain Thermodynamic analysis of progesterone receptor-promoter interactions reveals a molecular model for isoform-specific function PNAS, February 13, 2007; 104(7): 2187 - 2192. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Tian, M. A. Mahajan, C. T. Wong, I. Habeos, and H. H. Samuels The N-Terminal A/B Domain of the Thyroid Hormone Receptor-{beta}2 Isoform Influences Ligand-Dependent Recruitment of Coactivators to the Ligand-Binding Domain Mol. Endocrinol., September 1, 2006; 20(9): 2036 - 2051. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S.-W. Chi, S.-H. Lee, D.-H. Kim, M.-J. Ahn, J.-S. Kim, J.-Y. Woo, T. Torizawa, M. Kainosho, and K.-H. Han Structural Details on mdm2-p53 Interaction J. Biol. Chem., November 18, 2005; 280(46): 38795 - 38802. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. E. Wardell, S. C. Kwok, L. Sherman, R. S. Hodges, and D. P. Edwards Regulation of the Amino-Terminal Transcription Activation Domain of Progesterone Receptor by a Cofactor-Induced Protein Folding Mechanism Mol. Cell. Biol., October 15, 2005; 25(20): 8792 - 8808. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S K Nair, T J Thomas, N J Greenfield, A Chen, H He, and T Thomas Conformational dynamics of estrogen receptors {alpha} and {beta} as revealed by intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and circular dichroism J. Mol. Endocrinol., October 1, 2005; 35(2): 211 - 223. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Schaufele, X. Carbonell, M. Guerbadot, S. Borngraeber, M. S. Chapman, A. A. K. Ma, J. N. Miner, and M. I. Diamond The structural basis of androgen receptor activation: Intramolecular and intermolecular amino-carboxy interactions PNAS, July 12, 2005; 102(28): 9802 - 9807. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Bour, J.-L. Plassat, A. Bauer, S. Lalevee, and C. Rochette-Egly Vinexin {beta} Interacts with the Non-phosphorylated AF-1 Domain of Retinoid Receptor {gamma} (RAR{gamma}) and Represses RAR{gamma}-mediated Transcription J. Biol. Chem., April 29, 2005; 280(17): 17027 - 17037. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Cho, B. L. Kagan, J. A. Blackford Jr., D. Szapary, and S. S. Simons Jr. Glucocorticoid Receptor Ligand Binding Domain Is Sufficient for the Modulation of Glucocorticoid Induction Properties by Homologous Receptors, Coactivator Transcription Intermediary Factor 2, and Ubc9 Mol. Endocrinol., February 1, 2005; 19(2): 290 - 311. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Kumar, D. E. Volk, J. Li, J. C. Lee, D. G. Gorenstein, and E. B. Thompson TATA box binding protein induces structure in the recombinant glucocorticoid receptor AF1 domain PNAS, November 23, 2004; 101(47): 16425 - 16430. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. M. Necela and J. A. Cidlowski A Single Amino Acid Change in the First Zinc Finger of the DNA Binding Domain of the Glucocorticoid Receptor Regulates Differential Promoter Selectivity J. Biol. Chem., September 17, 2004; 279(38): 39279 - 39288. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Cakouros, T. J. Daish, and S. Kumar Ecdysone receptor directly binds the promoter of the Drosophila caspase dronc, regulating its expression in specific tissues J. Cell Biol., June 7, 2004; 165(5): 631 - 640. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Pascual-Le Tallec, O. Kirsh, M.-C. Lecomte, S. Viengchareun, M.-C. Zennaro, A. Dejean, and M. Lombes Protein Inhibitor of Activated Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 Interacts with the N-Terminal Domain of Mineralocorticoid Receptor and Represses Its Transcriptional Activity: Implication of Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier 1 Modification Mol. Endocrinol., December 1, 2003; 17(12): 2529 - 2542. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Liu, Z. Zhang, W. Gladwell, and C. T. Teng Estrogen Stimulates Estrogen-Related Receptor {alpha} Gene Expression through Conserved Hormone Response Elements Endocrinology, November 1, 2003; 144(11): 4894 - 4904. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. De Bosscher, W. Vanden Berghe, and G. Haegeman The Interplay between the Glucocorticoid Receptor and Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B or Activator Protein-1: Molecular Mechanisms for Gene Repression Endocr. Rev., August 1, 2003; 24(4): 488 - 522. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Eeckhoute, E. Moerman, T. Bouckenooghe, B. Lukoviak, F. Pattou, P. Formstecher, J. Kerr-Conte, B. Vandewalle, and B. Laine Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4{alpha} Isoforms Originated from the P1 Promoter Are Expressed in Human Pancreatic {beta}-Cells and Exhibit Stronger Transcriptional Potentials than P2 Promoter-Driven Isoforms Endocrinology, May 1, 2003; 144(5): 1686 - 1694. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH |
| Endocrinology | Endocrine Reviews | J. Clin. End. & Metab. |
| Molecular Endocrinology | Recent Prog. Horm. Res. | All Endocrine Journals |
