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This version published online on October 9, 2003
Molecular Endocrinology, doi:10.1210/me.2003-0051
Molecular Endocrinology Vol. 0, No. 2003 200300511-
doi:10.1210/me.2003-0051
Copyright © 2003 by the Endocrine Society.
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Submitted on February 11, 2003
Accepted on September 22, 2003

Activins are critical modulators of growth and survival

Chester W. Brown1, Liunan Li1, Dianne E. Houston-Hawkins1, and Martin M. Matzuk1*

1 Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics, Pediatrics, Pathology and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: cbrown{at}bcm.tmc.edu,.

Activins {beta}A and {beta}B (encoded by Inhba and Inhbb genes, respectively) are related members of the TGF-{beta} superfamily. Previously, we generated mice with an Inhba knock-in allele (InhbaBK) that directs the expression of activin {beta}B protein in the spatiotemporal pattern of activin {beta}A. These mice were small and had shortened lifespan, both influenced by the dose of the hypomorphic InhbaBK allele. To understand the mechanism(s) underlying these abnormalities, we now examine growth plates, liver, and kidney and analyze insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I), GH, and major urinary proteins (MUP). Our studies show that activins modulate the biological effects of IGF-I without substantial effects on GH, and that activin signaling deficiency also has modest effects on hepatic and renal function. To assess the relative influences of activin {beta}A and activin {beta}B, we produced mice that express activin {beta}B from the InhbaBK allele, and not from its endogenous Inhbb locus. InhbaBK/BK, Inhbb--/-- mice have failure of eyelid fusion at birth and demonstrate more severe effects on somatic growth and survival than either of the corresponding single homozygous mutants, showing that somatic growth and lifespan are supported by both activins {beta}A and {beta}B, although activin {beta}A plays a more substantial role.
Key words: activin • growth hormone • IGF1 • development




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