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Submitted on April 2, 2003
Accepted on June 4, 2003
1 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jxu{at}bcm.tmc.edu.
The p160 steroid receptor coactivator (SRC) gene family contains three homologous members, which serve as transcriptional coactivators for nuclear receptors (NRs) and certain other transcription factors. These coactivators interact with ligand-bound NRs to recruit histone acetyltransferases and methyltransferases to specific enhancer/promotor regions, which facilitates chromatin remodeling, assembly of general transcription factors and transcription of target genes. This minireview summarizes our current knowledge about the molecular structures, molecular mechanisms, temporal and spatial expression patterns and biological functions of the SRC family. In particular, this article highlights the roles of SRC-1 (NcoA-1), SRC-2 (GRIP1, TIF2 or NcoA-2) and SRC-3 (p/CIP, RAC3, ACTR, AIB1, or TRAM-1) in development, organ function, endocrine regulation and nuclear receptor function, which are defined by characterization of the genetically manipulated animal models. Furthermore, this article also reviews our current understanding of the role of SRC-3 in breast cancer and discusses possible mechanisms for functional specificity and redundancy among SRC family members.
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