| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Submitted on January 24, 2005
Accepted on June 6, 2005
-subunit promoter by gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca NY; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins CO; Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: msr14{at}cornell.edu.
Recent studies profiling immediate early gene responses to GnRH (GnRH) in the L
T2 gonadotrope cell model revealed increased expression of numerous genes including activating transcription factor (ATF) 3. The present studies demonstrate similar results with GnRH administration in vivo in ovariectomized mice. In this model, ATF3 mRNA was markedly up-regulated at 20, 40 and 60 min following in vivo administration of a GnRH analog. In 
T3-1 gonadotrope cells, ATF3 mRNA and protein were induced by GnRH in a manner consistent with in vivo observations. Pharmacological studies implicated a combined role for PKC isozymes, ERK and JNK activities in modulating ATF3 expression. The role of ATF3 was further investigated in the activation of the human glycoprotein hormone subunit gene promoter. GnRH induced the subunit promoter-luciferase reporter 
16 fold and this induction was completely abolished with mutations in the dual cAMP responses elements (CREs) or the combined inhibition of GnRH-induced ERK and JNK. GnRH induced recruitment of ATF3, c-Jun and c-Fos to the dual CREs. Overexpression and specific knockdown of ATF3 by siRNA implicate a functional role for ATF3 in mediating activation of the subunit gene promoter. These studies provide clear evidence that ATF3 is a key immediate early gene induced by GnRH administration in vivo and in the T3-1 gonadotrope cell model. These studies support the conclusion that the dual CREs of the human subunit promoter are the target of GnRH-induced MAPK regulation through ATF3.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  S. I. Mayer, V. Dexheimer, E. Nishida, S. Kitajima, and G. Thiel Expression of the Transcriptional Repressor ATF3 in Gonadotrophs Is Regulated by Egr-1, CREB, and ATF2 after Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Stimulation Endocrinology, December 1, 2008; 149(12): 6311 - 6325. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. L. Burger, D. J. Haisenleder, K. W. Aylor, and J. C. Marshall Regulation of Intracellular Signaling Cascades by GNRH Pulse Frequency in the Rat Pituitary: Roles for CaMK II, ERK, and JNK Activation Biol Reprod, November 1, 2008; 79(5): 947 - 953. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Xie, K. H. Allen, A. Marguet, K. A. Berghorn, S. P. Bliss, A. M. Navratil, J. L. Guan, and M. S. Roberson Analysis of the Calcium-Dependent Regulation of Proline-Rich Tyrosine Kinase 2 by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Mol. Endocrinol., October 1, 2008; 22(10): 2322 - 2335. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Sasson, S. H. Luu, V. G. Thackray, and P. L. Mellon Glucocorticoids Induce Human Glycoprotein Hormone {alpha}-Subunit Gene Expression in the Gonadotrope Endocrinology, July 1, 2008; 149(7): 3643 - 3655. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. B. Salisbury, A. K. Binder, and J. H. Nilson Welcoming {beta}-Catenin to the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Transcriptional Network in Gonadotropes Mol. Endocrinol., June 1, 2008; 22(6): 1295 - 1303. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Beleza-Meireles, V. Tohonen, C. Soderhall, C. Schwentner, C. Radmayr, I. Kockum, and A. Nordenskjold Activating transcription factor 3: a hormone responsive gene in the etiology of hypospadias Eur. J. Endocrinol., May 1, 2008; 158(5): 729 - 739. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Xie and M. S. Roberson 3', 5'-Cyclic Adenosine 5'-Monophosphate Response Element-Dependent Transcriptional Regulation of the Secretogranin II Gene Promoter Depends on Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-Induced Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation and the Transactivator Activating Transcription Factor 3 Endocrinology, February 1, 2008; 149(2): 783 - 792. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. Haisenleder, L. L. Burger, H. E. Walsh, J. Stevens, K. W. Aylor, M. A. Shupnik, and J. C. Marshall Pulsatile Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Stimulation of Gonadotropin Subunit Transcription in Rat Pituitaries: Evidence for the Involvement of Jun N-Terminal Kinase But Not p38 Endocrinology, January 1, 2008; 149(1): 139 - 145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. P. Bliss, A. M. Navratil, M. Breed, D. C. Skinner, C. M. Clay, and M. S. Roberson Signaling Complexes Associated with the Type I Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Receptor: Colocalization of Extracellularly Regulated Kinase 2 and GnRH Receptor within Membrane Rafts Mol. Endocrinol., February 1, 2007; 21(2): 538 - 549. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. A. Ferris and M. A. Shupnik Mechanisms for Pulsatile Regulation of the Gonadotropin Subunit Genes by GNRH1 Biol Reprod, June 1, 2006; 74(6): 993 - 998. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH |
| Endocrinology | Endocrine Reviews | J. Clin. End. & Metab. |
| Molecular Endocrinology | Recent Prog. Horm. Res. | All Endocrine Journals |
