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Submitted on June 12, 2006
Accepted on September 25, 2006
Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado HSC, Aurora, CO 80045; Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: a.gutierrez-hartmann{at}uchsc.edu.
The POU-homeodomain transcription factor Pit-1 governs ontogeny and cell-specific gene expression of pituitary lactotropes, somatotropes and thyrotropes. The splice isoform, Pit-1
, inserts a 26-amino acid (AA) repressor at AA48 in the Pit-1 transcription activation domain (TAD). The Pit-1 TAD contains a basal regulatory subregion, R1 (AA1-45) and a basal and Ras responsive region, R2 (AA46-80). To precisely map these activities, we generated GAL4-Pit-1/Pit-1
TAD fusions and, in full-length HA-Pit-1, a series of substitution mutants of R2. Analysis in GH4 cells identified an activation domain at AA50-70, followed by an overlapping, dual-function, Ras-responsive-inhibitory domain, located from AA60-80. In contrast, GAL4-Pit-1
TAD repressed both basal and Ras-mediated TAD activity. To determine the functional interplay between TAD subregions and the
-domain, we inserted the
-domain every 10-AA across the 80-AA Pit-1 TAD. Like wildtype Pit-1
, each construct retained transcriptional activity in HeLa cells and repressed the Ras response in GH4 cells. However,
-domain insertion at AA61 and AA71 resulted in greater repression of Ras responsiveness, defining a critical R2 TAD spanning AA61-71 of Pit-1. Furthermore, Ras activation is augmented by Steroid receptor coactivator 1, whereas CBP is not a Ras mediator in this system. In summary, the Pit-1/Pit-1
TADs are comprised of multiple, modular and transferable subdomains, including a regulatory R1 domain, a basal activation region, a selective inhibitory-Ras responsive segment and a
-specific repressor domain. These data provide novel insights into the mechanisms by which the Pit-1 TAD integrates DNA binding, protein partner interactions, and distinct signaling pathways to fine-tune Pit-1 activity.
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| Endocrinology | Endocrine Reviews | J. Clin. End. & Metab. |
| Molecular Endocrinology | Recent Prog. Horm. Res. | All Endocrine Journals |