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Submitted on March 19, 2007
Accepted on June 28, 2007
Departments of Pathology, Molecular and Human Genetics, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas 66160
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mmatzuk{at}bcm.tmc.edu.
Activins have diverse roles in multiple physiologic processes including reproduction. Mutations and loss of heterozygosity at the human activin receptor ACVR1B and ACVR2 loci are observed in pituitary, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers. Functional studies support intraovarian roles for activins, although clarifying the in vivo roles has remained elusive due to the perinatal death of activin 
A knockout mice. To study the roles of activins in ovarian growth, differentiation, and cancer, a tissue-specific knockout system was designed to ablate ovarian production of activins. Mice lacking ovarian activin A were intercrossed to Inhbb homozygous null mice to produce double activin knockouts. Whereas ovarian A knockout females are subfertile, B/A double mutant females are infertile. Strikingly, the activin A and B/A-deficient ovaries contain increased numbers of functional corpora lutea, but do not develop ovarian tumors. Microarray analysis of isolated granulosa cells identifies significant changes in expression for a number of genes with known reproductive roles, including Kitl, Taf4b, and Ghr, as well loss of expression of the proto-oncogene, Myc. Thus, in contrast to the known tumor suppressor role of activins in some tissues, our data indicate that activin A and B function redundantly in a growth stimulatory pathway in the mammalian ovary.
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activin •
fertility •
corpus luteum
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