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Submitted on April 23, 2007
Accepted on May 24, 2007
From Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Kwang-Ju, 500-757 Korea (E.Y.C, D.I.C, K.M.K); Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA (J.H.P); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan (H.K); Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA (M.G.C.)
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kmkim{at}chonnam.ac.kr.
D3 dopamine receptor (D3R) is expressed mainly in parts of the brain that control the emotional behaviors. It is believed that the improper regulation of D3R is involved in the etiology of Schizophrenia. Desensitization of D3R is weakly associated with GRK/
-arrestin directed internalization. This suggests that there might be an alternative pathway that regulates D3R signaling. This report shows that D3R undergoes robust PKC-dependent sequestration that is accompanied by receptor phosphorylation and the desensitization of signaling. PKC-dependent D3R sequestration, which was enhanced by PKC-
or -
, was dynamin-dependent but independent of GRK,
-arrestin, or caveolin1. Site-directed mutagenesis of all possible phosphorylation sites within the intracellular loops of D3R identified serine residues at positions 229 and 257 as the critical amino acids responsible for PMA-induced D3R phosphorylation, sequestration, and desensitization. In addition, the LxxY endocytosis motif, which is located between residues 252 and 255, was found to play accommodating roles for PMA-induced D3R sequestration. A continuous interaction with the actin binding protein 280 (filamin A), which was previously known to interact with D3R, is required for PMA-induced D3R sequestration. In conclusion, the PKC-dependent but GRK-/
-arrestin-independent phosphorylation of D3R is the main pathway responsible for the sequestration and desensitization of D3R. Filamin A is essential for both the efficient signaling and sequestration of D3R.
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